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Mole Powerpoint
Mole Powerpoint

... Although no “ideal gas” exists, this law can be used to explain the behavior of real gases under ordinary conditions. P = pressure (atm) V = volume (L or dm3) PV = nRT n = number of moles R = 0.08206 L•atm/mol•K universal gas constant ...
Chapter 5 Electrons in Atoms
Chapter 5 Electrons in Atoms

... • Identify the source of ...
Molar Relationships
Molar Relationships

... Although no “ideal gas” exists, this law can be used to explain the behavior of real gases under ordinary conditions. P = pressure (atm) V = volume (L or dm3) PV = nRT n = number of moles R = 0.08206 L•atm/mol•K universal gas constant ...
Chapter 2 PowerPoint
Chapter 2 PowerPoint

... Strategy Note that the compounds in (a) and (b) contain both metal and nonmetal atoms, so we expect them to be ionic compounds. There are no metal atoms in (c) but there is an ammonium group, which bears a positive charge. So NH 4ClO3 is also an ionic compound. Our reference for the names of cations ...
Atoms, molecules and optical transitions
Atoms, molecules and optical transitions

Chapter 6 Chemical Composition
Chapter 6 Chemical Composition

... Can be determined from percent composition or ...
Chemical reactions occur with outer level electrons so that is the
Chemical reactions occur with outer level electrons so that is the

... The most stable atoms have a full outer level or shell The Octet Rule: Atoms will combine to form compounds to reach 8 electrons in their outer energy level. Atoms with less than 4 electrons will lose electrons For Na it is easier to lose 1 electron than to gain 7 electrons A Na atom has 11+ and 11- ...
Test Objectives: Unit 1 – Measurement
Test Objectives: Unit 1 – Measurement

Document
Document

SCH 3U - othsmath
SCH 3U - othsmath

... 2) Going down a group, a new energy level is added with each subsequent atom, ensuring the valence electrons are moved further and further from the nucleus. This increases the shielding provided by non-valence electrons, decreases the ENC (even though the number of protons in the nucleus is increasi ...
amu (atomic mass unit): a unit used to express very small masses
amu (atomic mass unit): a unit used to express very small masses

coppin state college
coppin state college

Slides - nanoHUB
Slides - nanoHUB

... Screened relativistic Rutherford cross section Can be plotted as an equivalent mean free path vs. incident energy This gives you a good sense on allowable sample thickness! ...
Atomic Structure
Atomic Structure

... but have different average speeds in different materials. The symbol “c” is often used for the speed of light in equations. ...
Atomic Structure
Atomic Structure

... The filling of the energy levels, sublevels, and orbitals is often summarized with the following 3 laws. 1. Aufbau principle - electrons fill the lowest energy levels first (notice that all p orbitals are equal in energy to each other, they are degenerate; the same holds for d and f orbitals) Use th ...
Rdg: Electron Configuration
Rdg: Electron Configuration

... occupy them. II. Sublevels and Orbitals An orbital is a space that can be occupied by up to two electrons. Each type of sublevel holds a different number of orbitals, and therefore, a different number of electrons. s sublevels have one orbital, which can hold up to two electrons. p sublevels have th ...
with x
with x

Chapter 2 Lecture notes
Chapter 2 Lecture notes

... more atoms which are chemically bound together and thus behaves as an independent unit. ...
Einstein coefficients
Einstein coefficients

... the local spectral radiance (or, in some presentations, the local spectral radiant energy density). When that state is either one of strict thermodynamic equilibrium, or one of so-called 'local thermodynamic equilibrium',[10][11][12] then the distribution of atomic states of excitation (which includ ...
Chapter 7_honors
Chapter 7_honors

Particle Physics Experiments
Particle Physics Experiments

...  relation between momentum and velocity in “old” (Newtonian) mechanics: p = m v becomes ________ p = mo v , with  = 1/1 - (v/c)2 mo = “rest mass”, i.e. mass is replaced by rest mass times  - “relativistic growth of mass”  factor  often called “Lorentz factor”; ubiquitous in relations from spe ...
pptx
pptx

... GW-BSE: what is it for? DFT is a ground-state theory for electrons But many processes involve exciting electrons: • Transport of electrons, electron energy levels • Excited electrons ...
lewis dot structures
lewis dot structures

Chapter 4 Section 1 The Development of a New Atomic Model
Chapter 4 Section 1 The Development of a New Atomic Model

... c = λν • In the equation, c is the speed of light (in m/s), λ is the wavelength of the electromagnetic wave (in m), and ν is the frequency of the electromagnetic wave (in s−1). ...
Determination of the Transport and Optical Properties of a Nonideal
Determination of the Transport and Optical Properties of a Nonideal

... ζρ (∂Fi /∂ ζρ ) T i and Pe = ζρ (∂Fe/∂ ζρ ) T e, Z , respectively. Comparison of the experimental data with the calculations of the absolute value rind and phase Ψind of the complex reflection coefficient of the probe pulse (see Fig. 3) makes it possible to determine (in the framework of this model) ...
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Bremsstrahlung



Bremsstrahlung (German pronunciation: [ˈbʁɛmsˌʃtʁaːlʊŋ], from bremsen ""to brake"" and Strahlung ""radiation"", i.e. ""braking radiation"" or ""deceleration radiation"") is electromagnetic radiation produced by the deceleration of a charged particle when deflected by another charged particle, typically an electron by an atomic nucleus. The moving particle loses kinetic energy, which is converted into a photon, thus satisfying the law of conservation of energy. The term is also used to refer to the process of producing the radiation. Bremsstrahlung has a continuous spectrum, which becomes more intense and whose peak intensity shifts toward higher frequencies as the change of the energy of the accelerated particles increases.Strictly speaking, braking radiation is any radiation due to the acceleration of a charged particle, which includes synchrotron radiation, cyclotron radiation, and the emission of electrons and positrons during beta decay. However, the term is frequently used in the more narrow sense of radiation from electrons (from whatever source) slowing in matter.Bremsstrahlung emitted from plasma is sometimes referred to as free/free radiation. This refers to the fact that the radiation in this case is created by charged particles that are free both before and after the deflection (acceleration) that caused the emission.
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