Combining electroencephalographic activity and
... previous studies have tried to link the EEG power in specific bands to HRV measures. Although significant correlations were found for the α (8–12 Hz) [48–52], β (13–30 Hz) [49,50,53] and γ (>30 Hz) bands [53,54], the psychophysiological meaning of such associations is still ill-defined. For instance ...
... previous studies have tried to link the EEG power in specific bands to HRV measures. Although significant correlations were found for the α (8–12 Hz) [48–52], β (13–30 Hz) [49,50,53] and γ (>30 Hz) bands [53,54], the psychophysiological meaning of such associations is still ill-defined. For instance ...
Chapter 2: Communication Within the Nervous System
... learning. Over the years, my students taught me a great deal about what they needed to help them learn. For one thing, I realized how important it is for students to build on their knowledge throughout the course, so I made several changes from the organization I saw in other texts. First, the chapt ...
... learning. Over the years, my students taught me a great deal about what they needed to help them learn. For one thing, I realized how important it is for students to build on their knowledge throughout the course, so I made several changes from the organization I saw in other texts. First, the chapt ...
Radiologic-Pathologic Correlation Polymicrogyria
... ular layer under the pia. Although this feature disappears by 27 to 30 weeks of gestation, areas of retained superficial granular layers can normally be found in the cortex of the temporal lobes and basal cortex of the frontal lobes throughout life. All cortical layers undergo special organization, ...
... ular layer under the pia. Although this feature disappears by 27 to 30 weeks of gestation, areas of retained superficial granular layers can normally be found in the cortex of the temporal lobes and basal cortex of the frontal lobes throughout life. All cortical layers undergo special organization, ...
Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation: A Neuroscientific Probe of
... currents and result in scalp burn, unless appropriate electrode materials (e.g., plastic) or shapes (e.g., slotted) are used (14). A particularly appealing aspect of combining TMS with other imaging techniques is that it becomes possible to obtain physiological, objective measures of TMS effects, ra ...
... currents and result in scalp burn, unless appropriate electrode materials (e.g., plastic) or shapes (e.g., slotted) are used (14). A particularly appealing aspect of combining TMS with other imaging techniques is that it becomes possible to obtain physiological, objective measures of TMS effects, ra ...
The neural milieu of the developing choroid plexus: neural stem
... The choroid plexus produces cerebrospinal fluid and plays an important role in brain homeostasis both pre and postnatally. In vitro studies have suggested that cells from adult choroid plexus have stem/progenitor cell-like properties. Our initial aim was to investigate whether such a cell population ...
... The choroid plexus produces cerebrospinal fluid and plays an important role in brain homeostasis both pre and postnatally. In vitro studies have suggested that cells from adult choroid plexus have stem/progenitor cell-like properties. Our initial aim was to investigate whether such a cell population ...
Get PDF - IOS Press
... These observations raised the possibility that though an exercise factor may be derived from Fndc5 to augment BDNF expression, there may be other factors aside from irisin [54, 55]. Another caveat was that a loss in BDNF induction in response to exercise was not observed in the absence of Fndc5. The ...
... These observations raised the possibility that though an exercise factor may be derived from Fndc5 to augment BDNF expression, there may be other factors aside from irisin [54, 55]. Another caveat was that a loss in BDNF induction in response to exercise was not observed in the absence of Fndc5. The ...
THE CINGULATE CORTEX AND HUMAN MEMORY PROCESSES
... (Brodmann area 24) of both hemispheres are summarized in Table 1. Data in Table 1 reveal the correlation of memory-test results with the size of the anterior cingulate cortex. For example, the size of the left cingulate cortex correlates negatively with the number of confabulations in the semantic-c ...
... (Brodmann area 24) of both hemispheres are summarized in Table 1. Data in Table 1 reveal the correlation of memory-test results with the size of the anterior cingulate cortex. For example, the size of the left cingulate cortex correlates negatively with the number of confabulations in the semantic-c ...
cur op e-print version
... on the computation of positive utility, on several of the dimensions along which inputs to this ...
... on the computation of positive utility, on several of the dimensions along which inputs to this ...
Epilepsy - OMICS International
... community for thousands of years, all the while contributing to critical scientific advances [2]. Despite epilepsy’s uncanny characteristics, [3] Hippocrates (400 BCE) claimed that this phenomenon was “no more divine than others.” This perspective arguably paved the way to our modern, naturalistic a ...
... community for thousands of years, all the while contributing to critical scientific advances [2]. Despite epilepsy’s uncanny characteristics, [3] Hippocrates (400 BCE) claimed that this phenomenon was “no more divine than others.” This perspective arguably paved the way to our modern, naturalistic a ...
The Isotropic Fractionator: A Fast, Reliable Method to Determine
... To circumvent these drawbacks, we created an alternative method: the isotropic fractionator (Herculano-Houzel and Lent, 2005), which estimates the total number of neuronal and nonneuronal cells independently from tissue volume and anisotropy, and can be applied to the whole brain or any dissectable ...
... To circumvent these drawbacks, we created an alternative method: the isotropic fractionator (Herculano-Houzel and Lent, 2005), which estimates the total number of neuronal and nonneuronal cells independently from tissue volume and anisotropy, and can be applied to the whole brain or any dissectable ...
Phantom Limbs and Neural Plasticity
... he study of phantom limbs has received tremendous impetus from recent studies linking changes in cortical topography with perceptual experience. Systematic psychophysical testing and functional imaging studies on patients with phantom limbs provide 2 unique opportunities. First, they allow us to dem ...
... he study of phantom limbs has received tremendous impetus from recent studies linking changes in cortical topography with perceptual experience. Systematic psychophysical testing and functional imaging studies on patients with phantom limbs provide 2 unique opportunities. First, they allow us to dem ...
Scientific Explanation and the Philosophy of Persuasion
... behaviours as adaptations of social behaviour rather than inborn guiding principles or absolute social rules. Not all scientific findings challenge ancient or modern philosophical doctrines, however. Among philosophers, some of Aristotle’s works – which are over 2300 years old – have received signi ...
... behaviours as adaptations of social behaviour rather than inborn guiding principles or absolute social rules. Not all scientific findings challenge ancient or modern philosophical doctrines, however. Among philosophers, some of Aristotle’s works – which are over 2300 years old – have received signi ...
Erin Hardie
... extensive, MRI imaging is one the physician’s most useful tools. In this case, it revealed a unique and undetected condition in a healthy, pregnant female. This case is evidence that many neurological conditions often cause ocular findings and therefore, as primary eye care physicians, we must be co ...
... extensive, MRI imaging is one the physician’s most useful tools. In this case, it revealed a unique and undetected condition in a healthy, pregnant female. This case is evidence that many neurological conditions often cause ocular findings and therefore, as primary eye care physicians, we must be co ...
Neural and Computational Mechanisms of Action Processing
... underlying computations remains rather limited. This fact stands in contrast with a wide variety of speculative theories about how action recognition might work, and how it might interact with other cognitive brain functions. This review focuses on new fundamental electrophysiological results in mon ...
... underlying computations remains rather limited. This fact stands in contrast with a wide variety of speculative theories about how action recognition might work, and how it might interact with other cognitive brain functions. This review focuses on new fundamental electrophysiological results in mon ...
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Researchers inch closer to causes, cures for insomnia, narcolepsy
... destruction of these neurons. In some dis- people — especially those with the pareases, streptococcus infection has been ticular HLA variant that makes them shown to trigger autoimmune attacks. susceptible — might thwart narcolepsy. Uncovering the root causes of sleep It may signal the body to mista ...
... destruction of these neurons. In some dis- people — especially those with the pareases, streptococcus infection has been ticular HLA variant that makes them shown to trigger autoimmune attacks. susceptible — might thwart narcolepsy. Uncovering the root causes of sleep It may signal the body to mista ...
The medial parietal occipital areas in the macaque
... The number, location, extent, and functional properties of the cortical areas that occupy the medial parieto-occipital cortex (mPOC) have been, and still is, a matter of scientific debate. The mPOC is a convoluted region of the brain that presents a high level of individual variability, and the fact ...
... The number, location, extent, and functional properties of the cortical areas that occupy the medial parieto-occipital cortex (mPOC) have been, and still is, a matter of scientific debate. The mPOC is a convoluted region of the brain that presents a high level of individual variability, and the fact ...
Cortical and basal ganglia contributions to habit learning and
... topic. As we will show, the classical view has been significantly altered and some dramatically different theoretical notions of automaticity have been proposed. Automaticity and habit learning are vast areas of research that span many diverse fields of study. A complete review of all this work is b ...
... topic. As we will show, the classical view has been significantly altered and some dramatically different theoretical notions of automaticity have been proposed. Automaticity and habit learning are vast areas of research that span many diverse fields of study. A complete review of all this work is b ...
Imaging the premotor areas Nathalie Picard* and Peter L Strick
... influence motor output, both through connections with the primary motor cortex (M1) and through direct projections to the spinal cord (e.g. [1]). In monkeys, the frontal lobe contains six well-defined premotor areas (Figure 1a). The presence of analogous areas in humans has been inferred from functi ...
... influence motor output, both through connections with the primary motor cortex (M1) and through direct projections to the spinal cord (e.g. [1]). In monkeys, the frontal lobe contains six well-defined premotor areas (Figure 1a). The presence of analogous areas in humans has been inferred from functi ...
The role of Pitx3 in survival of midbrain dopaminergic neurons
... motor control, reward, emotional and motivated behavior, and is of clinical importance because of its implication in neurological and psychiatric disorders. The A9 cell group located in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc) has preferred projections to the dorsal striatum forming the nigrostriata ...
... motor control, reward, emotional and motivated behavior, and is of clinical importance because of its implication in neurological and psychiatric disorders. The A9 cell group located in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc) has preferred projections to the dorsal striatum forming the nigrostriata ...
BRAIN Response inhibition and serotonin in autism: depletion
... It has been suggested that the restricted, stereotyped and repetitive behaviours typically found in autism are underpinned by deficits of inhibitory control. The biological basis of this is unknown but may include differences in the modulatory role of neurotransmitters, such as serotonin, which are ...
... It has been suggested that the restricted, stereotyped and repetitive behaviours typically found in autism are underpinned by deficits of inhibitory control. The biological basis of this is unknown but may include differences in the modulatory role of neurotransmitters, such as serotonin, which are ...
Hedonic Hotspots Regulate Cingulate-driven
... 2011). In the present study, we used functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to measure rostral cingulate cortex activity as induced by an arrow-flanker conflict task. This task typically induces compensatory behavioral adaptations that can be observed in trials that follow demanding (conflict) tr ...
... 2011). In the present study, we used functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to measure rostral cingulate cortex activity as induced by an arrow-flanker conflict task. This task typically induces compensatory behavioral adaptations that can be observed in trials that follow demanding (conflict) tr ...
MIRROR NEURON FUNCTION: AN EXAMINATION OF
... explain why we flinch when we see another individual trip or cry when watching a sad movie. Mirror neurons are implicated in the study of empathy for this reason. Other researchers proposed that a defect in the MNS of individuals with autism or autism spectrum disorder (ASD) could explain their diff ...
... explain why we flinch when we see another individual trip or cry when watching a sad movie. Mirror neurons are implicated in the study of empathy for this reason. Other researchers proposed that a defect in the MNS of individuals with autism or autism spectrum disorder (ASD) could explain their diff ...
Karuza, E. A., Newport, E. L., Aslin, R. N., Starling, S. J., Tivarus
... potentially separate processes: (1) the storage of elements that occur during exposure, (2) the computation of one or more statistics from the element distributions, and (3) the recognition of statistically coherent (familiar) patterns after they have been learned. In many types of experimental desi ...
... potentially separate processes: (1) the storage of elements that occur during exposure, (2) the computation of one or more statistics from the element distributions, and (3) the recognition of statistically coherent (familiar) patterns after they have been learned. In many types of experimental desi ...
Cognitive neuroscience
Cognitive neuroscience is an academic field concerned with the scientific study of biological substrates underlying cognition, with a specific focus on the neural substrates of mental processes. It addresses the questions of how psychological/cognitive functions are produced by neural circuits in the brain. Cognitive neuroscience is a branch of both psychology and neuroscience, overlapping with disciplines such as physiological psychology, cognitive psychology, and neuropsychology. Cognitive neuroscience relies upon theories in cognitive science coupled with evidence from neuropsychology, and computational modeling.Due to its multidisciplinary nature, cognitive neuroscientists may have various backgrounds. Other than the associated disciplines just mentioned, cognitive neuroscientists may have backgrounds in neurobiology, bioengineering, psychiatry, neurology, physics, computer science, linguistics, philosophy, and mathematics.Methods employed in cognitive neuroscience include experimental paradigms from psychophysics and cognitive psychology, functional neuroimaging, electrophysiology, cognitive genomics, and behavioral genetics. Studies of patients with cognitive deficits due to brain lesions constitute an important aspect of cognitive neuroscience. Theoretical approaches include computational neuroscience and cognitive psychology.Cognitive neuroscience can look at the effects of damage to the brain and subsequent changes in the thought processes due to changes in neural circuitry resulting from the ensued damage. Also, cognitive abilities based on brain development is studied and examined under the subfield of developmental cognitive neuroscience.