Commentaries on Viewpoint: A role for the prefrontal cortex in
... upon insufficient evidence from exercise studies. There remains uncertainty about how PFC accommodates to physical exertion by modulating cognitive control. Self-regulatory fatigue could occur due to either lack of increased PFC activity, heightened activity in subcortical structures, or both. Overc ...
... upon insufficient evidence from exercise studies. There remains uncertainty about how PFC accommodates to physical exertion by modulating cognitive control. Self-regulatory fatigue could occur due to either lack of increased PFC activity, heightened activity in subcortical structures, or both. Overc ...
choosing the greater of two goods: neural currencies for valuation
... identified sensory representations as well as decisionrelated signals in areas of the parietal and frontal cortices. At the neural level, differentiating sensory signals from decision-related signals is relatively straightforward. First, sensory signals require the presence of the sensory stimulus, ...
... identified sensory representations as well as decisionrelated signals in areas of the parietal and frontal cortices. At the neural level, differentiating sensory signals from decision-related signals is relatively straightforward. First, sensory signals require the presence of the sensory stimulus, ...
Chapter 49 - Nervous Systems
... ! Studies of brain activity have mapped areas responsible for language and speech ! Patients with damage in Broca’s area in the frontal lobe can understand language but cannot speak ...
... ! Studies of brain activity have mapped areas responsible for language and speech ! Patients with damage in Broca’s area in the frontal lobe can understand language but cannot speak ...
Aging reduces total neuron number in the dorsal component of the
... ABSTRACT For many years, aging was thought to be accompanied by significant decreases in total neuron number across multiple brain regions. However, this view was revised with the advent of modern quantification methods, and it is now widely accepted that the hippocampus and many regions of the cort ...
... ABSTRACT For many years, aging was thought to be accompanied by significant decreases in total neuron number across multiple brain regions. However, this view was revised with the advent of modern quantification methods, and it is now widely accepted that the hippocampus and many regions of the cort ...
Basics of electromagnetic field mapping
... electric and/or magnetic field on the scalp is well known. It is defined by the geometry and, in the case of EEG, the volume conduction properties of the tissues of the head (brain, liquor, skull, scalp, hair, electrode paste, etc.). These properties are incorporated in the so-called leadfield, a ma ...
... electric and/or magnetic field on the scalp is well known. It is defined by the geometry and, in the case of EEG, the volume conduction properties of the tissues of the head (brain, liquor, skull, scalp, hair, electrode paste, etc.). These properties are incorporated in the so-called leadfield, a ma ...
Amelioration of Delayed Neuronal Death in the Hippocampus by
... showeda slight but significant effect in reducing DND as comparedto the nontreated gerbils(p < 0.05). Using NGF treatment either before or after ischemia,the cell density remained almost normal. When compared to the controls sham treated with artificial CSF injection, there was a significant differe ...
... showeda slight but significant effect in reducing DND as comparedto the nontreated gerbils(p < 0.05). Using NGF treatment either before or after ischemia,the cell density remained almost normal. When compared to the controls sham treated with artificial CSF injection, there was a significant differe ...
Hippocampus, hippocampal sclerosis and epilepsy
... mossy cells [88]. In addition to neuronal degeneration and gliosis, the so called mossy fiber sprouting and the dentate gyrus granule cell dispersion are also characteristic of HS [14]. They constitute a histological basis of functional reorganization of the hippocampus manifested by excessive excit ...
... mossy cells [88]. In addition to neuronal degeneration and gliosis, the so called mossy fiber sprouting and the dentate gyrus granule cell dispersion are also characteristic of HS [14]. They constitute a histological basis of functional reorganization of the hippocampus manifested by excessive excit ...
Lecture Chapter 2
... their frequency, which is measured in cycles per second (called hertz and abbreviated Hz), and their amplitude (the height of the wave on the EEG record), which reflects strength. Brain researchers have labeled a number of different types of brain waves; each is generally associated with a particu ...
... their frequency, which is measured in cycles per second (called hertz and abbreviated Hz), and their amplitude (the height of the wave on the EEG record), which reflects strength. Brain researchers have labeled a number of different types of brain waves; each is generally associated with a particu ...
Ciccarelli 2: The Biological Perspective
... • Autonomic Nervous System (ANS) – division of the PNS consisting of nerves that control all of the involuntary muscles, organs, and glands; sensory pathway nerves coming from the sensory organs to the CNS consisting of sensory neurons – sympathetic division (fight-or-flight system): part of the ANS ...
... • Autonomic Nervous System (ANS) – division of the PNS consisting of nerves that control all of the involuntary muscles, organs, and glands; sensory pathway nerves coming from the sensory organs to the CNS consisting of sensory neurons – sympathetic division (fight-or-flight system): part of the ANS ...
The Mild Traumatic Brain Injury Disability Debate
... 18 (25%) diagnosed with PCS at followup. Severity of injury (LOC, PTA, GCS) not associated with outcome. Psychological distress at baseline not predictive of outcome. Severity of PCS symptoms at baseline not predictive of outcome. Worse Illness perception at baseline (Timeline, Consequence ...
... 18 (25%) diagnosed with PCS at followup. Severity of injury (LOC, PTA, GCS) not associated with outcome. Psychological distress at baseline not predictive of outcome. Severity of PCS symptoms at baseline not predictive of outcome. Worse Illness perception at baseline (Timeline, Consequence ...
Synaptic Neurotransmission and the Anatomically Addressed
... neurodevelopmental disorder later in life (Figure 2-12), such as epilepsy, mental retardation, psychosis, or possibly learning disabilities and various childhood-onset psychiatric disorders such as attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Later, with the exception of those two areas of adult brain ...
... neurodevelopmental disorder later in life (Figure 2-12), such as epilepsy, mental retardation, psychosis, or possibly learning disabilities and various childhood-onset psychiatric disorders such as attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Later, with the exception of those two areas of adult brain ...
PP - Weber State University
... about the discipline. One myth may be the extent to which psychology is a pure science, not different than physics ...
... about the discipline. One myth may be the extent to which psychology is a pure science, not different than physics ...
Structural brain MRI studies in eye diseases: are they clinically
... process potentially restored input. Furthermore, parallel developments in brain imaging and analysis techniques make it more and more feasible that brain imaging could perhaps be used as a diagnostic tool or to evaluate the response to neuroprotective agents. We reviewed the current literature on st ...
... process potentially restored input. Furthermore, parallel developments in brain imaging and analysis techniques make it more and more feasible that brain imaging could perhaps be used as a diagnostic tool or to evaluate the response to neuroprotective agents. We reviewed the current literature on st ...
The Anterior Midline Field: Coercion or decision making? Brain and
... the same as in the previously studied begin the book construction, we predicted that (1a) should elicit increased AMF amplitudes if the AMF indeed reflects coercion. However, the effect might occur somewhat later than the 400–450 ms time-window implicated in our previous MEG study, given that the coe ...
... the same as in the previously studied begin the book construction, we predicted that (1a) should elicit increased AMF amplitudes if the AMF indeed reflects coercion. However, the effect might occur somewhat later than the 400–450 ms time-window implicated in our previous MEG study, given that the coe ...
18 Coordination in Behavior and Cognition
... grouping or “binding,” and dynamic routing (cf. Phillips et al., this volume). All three functions can be viewed as involving interactions that affect neural activity but without changing the information transmitted by the cells producing that activity. Tiesinga et al. (2008:106) state that “multipl ...
... grouping or “binding,” and dynamic routing (cf. Phillips et al., this volume). All three functions can be viewed as involving interactions that affect neural activity but without changing the information transmitted by the cells producing that activity. Tiesinga et al. (2008:106) state that “multipl ...
the anatomy and neurosecretory system of the
... (Mullin, 1923). The family Amphinomidae includes the first species of annelids to be described from the Western Hemisphere. ...
... (Mullin, 1923). The family Amphinomidae includes the first species of annelids to be described from the Western Hemisphere. ...
r o 0 w f n . h t m , I I S _ a p r o 0 w f n . h t m a p r o 0 y 4 4 . h t m
... a p r o 1 z m s . h t m , I I S _ a p r o 1 z m s . h t m a p r o 1 z p 0 . h t m , I I S _ a p r o 1 z p 0 . h t m a p r o 2 2 h x . h t m , I I S _ a p r o 2 2 h x . h t m a p r o 2 3 6 t . h t m , I I S _ a p r o 2 3 6 t . h t m a p r o 2 5 2 j . h t m , I I S _ a p r o 2 5 2 j . h t m a p r o 2 ...
... a p r o 1 z m s . h t m , I I S _ a p r o 1 z m s . h t m a p r o 1 z p 0 . h t m , I I S _ a p r o 1 z p 0 . h t m a p r o 2 2 h x . h t m , I I S _ a p r o 2 2 h x . h t m a p r o 2 3 6 t . h t m , I I S _ a p r o 2 3 6 t . h t m a p r o 2 5 2 j . h t m , I I S _ a p r o 2 5 2 j . h t m a p r o 2 ...
Slide 1
... • Responsible for communication – Commissures (in corpus callosum)—connect gray matter of the two hemispheres – Association fibers—connect different parts of the same hemisphere – Projection fibers—(corona radiata) connect the hemispheres with lower brain or spinal cord ...
... • Responsible for communication – Commissures (in corpus callosum)—connect gray matter of the two hemispheres – Association fibers—connect different parts of the same hemisphere – Projection fibers—(corona radiata) connect the hemispheres with lower brain or spinal cord ...
Cortical Motor Organization, Mirror Neurons, and
... of grasping neurons, some discharge when the monkey grasps food with the hand or the mouth, or when the same goal is achieved not only with the biological effector but also with a tool, after a period of motor training to use it (Umiltà et al. 2008). All these studies strongly demonstrate that the m ...
... of grasping neurons, some discharge when the monkey grasps food with the hand or the mouth, or when the same goal is achieved not only with the biological effector but also with a tool, after a period of motor training to use it (Umiltà et al. 2008). All these studies strongly demonstrate that the m ...
Copyright © 2001. All Rights Reserved.
... central versus peripheral route to persuasion. Consider first the case of a student who has studied diligently for an exam. The student knows the material over which he is being tested, reads each test question and set of answers, relates this incoming information to what he remembers about the mate ...
... central versus peripheral route to persuasion. Consider first the case of a student who has studied diligently for an exam. The student knows the material over which he is being tested, reads each test question and set of answers, relates this incoming information to what he remembers about the mate ...
Author`s personal copy
... review we demonstrate that associative cortical areas may not represent the external world in a complete and continuous fashion. After reviewing evidence for novel principles of topographic organization in macaque lateral intraparietal area (LIP) – one of the most-studied associative areas in the pa ...
... review we demonstrate that associative cortical areas may not represent the external world in a complete and continuous fashion. After reviewing evidence for novel principles of topographic organization in macaque lateral intraparietal area (LIP) – one of the most-studied associative areas in the pa ...
Neurobiology of injury to the developing brain.
... Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of Kentucky, 741. S Limestone St., BBSRB, Room 436, Lexington, Ky 40536; Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Center, University of Kentucky, 741. S Limestone St., BBSRB, Room 436, Lexington, Ky 40536. ...
... Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of Kentucky, 741. S Limestone St., BBSRB, Room 436, Lexington, Ky 40536; Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Center, University of Kentucky, 741. S Limestone St., BBSRB, Room 436, Lexington, Ky 40536. ...
A Brief History of the Reticular Formation
... differentiative and comparative processes, and gain manipulator for motor output." Such general conclusions were little changed in a 1984 review by A.B. Scheibel. Using the anatomical data from the Scheibels, W.L. Kilmer, W.S. McCulloch, and J. Blum presented several papers on their Difference Enhan ...
... differentiative and comparative processes, and gain manipulator for motor output." Such general conclusions were little changed in a 1984 review by A.B. Scheibel. Using the anatomical data from the Scheibels, W.L. Kilmer, W.S. McCulloch, and J. Blum presented several papers on their Difference Enhan ...
Connectivity of the human pedunculopontine nucleus region and
... connectivity of the PPN region in humans. This technique is an effective noninvasive method for examining anatomical connections of clinically important structures in the human nervous system. Although the results from our investigation of diffusion weighted imaging in humans in general agree with t ...
... connectivity of the PPN region in humans. This technique is an effective noninvasive method for examining anatomical connections of clinically important structures in the human nervous system. Although the results from our investigation of diffusion weighted imaging in humans in general agree with t ...
Cognitive neuroscience
Cognitive neuroscience is an academic field concerned with the scientific study of biological substrates underlying cognition, with a specific focus on the neural substrates of mental processes. It addresses the questions of how psychological/cognitive functions are produced by neural circuits in the brain. Cognitive neuroscience is a branch of both psychology and neuroscience, overlapping with disciplines such as physiological psychology, cognitive psychology, and neuropsychology. Cognitive neuroscience relies upon theories in cognitive science coupled with evidence from neuropsychology, and computational modeling.Due to its multidisciplinary nature, cognitive neuroscientists may have various backgrounds. Other than the associated disciplines just mentioned, cognitive neuroscientists may have backgrounds in neurobiology, bioengineering, psychiatry, neurology, physics, computer science, linguistics, philosophy, and mathematics.Methods employed in cognitive neuroscience include experimental paradigms from psychophysics and cognitive psychology, functional neuroimaging, electrophysiology, cognitive genomics, and behavioral genetics. Studies of patients with cognitive deficits due to brain lesions constitute an important aspect of cognitive neuroscience. Theoretical approaches include computational neuroscience and cognitive psychology.Cognitive neuroscience can look at the effects of damage to the brain and subsequent changes in the thought processes due to changes in neural circuitry resulting from the ensued damage. Also, cognitive abilities based on brain development is studied and examined under the subfield of developmental cognitive neuroscience.