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Nature of Molecules and Water
Nature of Molecules and Water

... partially negative O atoms and the partially positive H atoms of two water molecules • Each individual bond is weak • Cumulative effects are enormous • Responsible for many of water’s important physical ...
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... (3) Atoms of different elements have different physical and chemical __________. (4) Atoms of different elements combine in simple, whole-number ratios to form _________. (5) In chemical reactions, atoms are rearranged, but are never __________ or destroyed. ...
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Metallic bonding

Metallic bonding occurs as a result of electromagnetism and describes the electrostatic attractive force that occurs between conduction electrons (in the form of an electron cloud of delocalized electrons) and positively charged metal ions. It may be described as the sharing of free electrons among a lattice of positively charged ions (cations). In a more quantum-mechanical view, the conduction electrons divide their density equally over all atoms that function as neutral (non-charged) entities. Metallic bonding accounts for many physical properties of metals, such as strength, ductility, thermal and electrical resistivity and conductivity, opacity, and luster.Metallic bonding is not the only type of chemical bonding a metal can exhibit, even as a pure substance. For example, elemental gallium consists of covalently-bound pairs of atoms in both liquid and solid state—these pairs form a crystal lattice with metallic bonding between them. Another example of a metal–metal covalent bond is mercurous ion (Hg2+2).
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