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Reactions in Aqueous Solution
Reactions in Aqueous Solution

... There are many reasons for carrying out reactions in solution. For a chemical reaction to occur, individual atoms, molecules, or ions must collide, and collisions between two solids, which are not dispersed at the atomic, molecular, or ionic level, do not occur at a significant rate. In addition, wh ...
Chapter 4 "Reactions in Aqueous Solution"
Chapter 4 "Reactions in Aqueous Solution"

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... located in space?” If all we consider is the nuclei, then the answer is clear: as far apart as they can get, since all nuclei are positively charged, and hence repel each other according to Coulomb’s law, which is at the heart of all chemical understanding: ...
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... unusual perspective: perfluorocarbons (e.g. perflourooctylbromide) were, based on the famous submerged mouse-experiment [5], currently also discussed in medical science as temporary intravenous blood substitutes [6, 7]. Intrinsic oxygen solubility of these oxygen carriers proved to be excitingly hig ...
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alanine solid state interactions

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(III) ion and a cobalt (II) - Iowa State University Digital Repository

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... WE 1.17 Equilibrium constants in terms of concentrations (on p. 61 in Chemistry3) An equimolar mixture of ethanoic acid and ethanol was heated at 373 K. At equilibrium, the concentration of ethanoic acid was found to be 0.820 mol dm–3. Calculate the concentration of ethyl ethanoate in the equilibriu ...
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Influence of Temperature on Electrical

... removes the alkalizing agent and transforms salts into corresponding acids. Consequently, the acid conductivity correlates closely to the contamination. The electrolyte concentrations of the samples are mostly at a lower mg · kg–1 level, equivalent to concentrations of 10–5 to 10–3 mol · L–1. At thi ...
feature article
feature article

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Equilibrium chemistry



Equilibrium chemistry is a concerned with systems in chemical equilibrium. The unifying principle is that the free energy of a system at equilibrium is the minimum possible, so that the slope of the free energy with respect to the reaction coordinate is zero. This principle, applied to mixtures at equilibrium provides a definition of an equilibrium constant. Applications include acid-base, host-guest, metal-complex, solubility, partition, chromatography and redox equilibria.
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