Module code SC-2242 Module Title Chemical Thermodynamics and
Module code SC-2242 Module Title Chemical Thermodynamics and

CHAPTER 8
CHAPTER 8

CHM 111: General Physical Chemistry 3 Units
CHM 111: General Physical Chemistry 3 Units

Equilibrium chemistry



Equilibrium chemistry is a concerned with systems in chemical equilibrium. The unifying principle is that the free energy of a system at equilibrium is the minimum possible, so that the slope of the free energy with respect to the reaction coordinate is zero. This principle, applied to mixtures at equilibrium provides a definition of an equilibrium constant. Applications include acid-base, host-guest, metal-complex, solubility, partition, chromatography and redox equilibria.