Normalization in human somatosensory cortex
... 2001), which are the hypothesized perceptual analogs of crossorientation suppression and surround suppression. The model has since been shown to explain stimulus-evoked responses in visual cortical area MT (Simoncelli and Heeger 1998), inferotemporal cortex (Zoccolan et al. 2005), and primary audito ...
... 2001), which are the hypothesized perceptual analogs of crossorientation suppression and surround suppression. The model has since been shown to explain stimulus-evoked responses in visual cortical area MT (Simoncelli and Heeger 1998), inferotemporal cortex (Zoccolan et al. 2005), and primary audito ...
Probabilistic models for spike trains of single neurons
... • Answer 3: Neurons integrate excitatory post-synaptic potentials (EPSPs) to generate action potentials or spikes which they communicate across their synapses to other neurons. It is thought that the average rate of arrivals of these spikes transmits all information relevant to neural processing in ...
... • Answer 3: Neurons integrate excitatory post-synaptic potentials (EPSPs) to generate action potentials or spikes which they communicate across their synapses to other neurons. It is thought that the average rate of arrivals of these spikes transmits all information relevant to neural processing in ...
Rich-club organization in effective connectivity among cortical neurons
... of communication, it is virtually unknown how information is transferred in local cortical networks, consisting of hundreds of closely spaced neurons. To address this, it is important to record simultaneously from hundreds of neurons at a spacing that matches typical axonal connection distances, and ...
... of communication, it is virtually unknown how information is transferred in local cortical networks, consisting of hundreds of closely spaced neurons. To address this, it is important to record simultaneously from hundreds of neurons at a spacing that matches typical axonal connection distances, and ...
neural representation and the cortical code
... there is currently no widely accepted method (RC deCharms, M deWeese & P Latham, personal communication). This statistical structure allows the distinction to be made between neuronal signals that have a functional role in representation and those that do not, even in some cases where perturbations ...
... there is currently no widely accepted method (RC deCharms, M deWeese & P Latham, personal communication). This statistical structure allows the distinction to be made between neuronal signals that have a functional role in representation and those that do not, even in some cases where perturbations ...
Resting-state functional connectivity in neuropsychiatric disorders
... at once, based mainly on their independent spatial patterns. Voxel values in ICA reflect the degree to which a given voxel’s timeseries is correlated with the mean timeseries of that particular RSN [10,19]. Figure 1 provides an example of some of the several different RSNs that can be detected in re ...
... at once, based mainly on their independent spatial patterns. Voxel values in ICA reflect the degree to which a given voxel’s timeseries is correlated with the mean timeseries of that particular RSN [10,19]. Figure 1 provides an example of some of the several different RSNs that can be detected in re ...
Recall and recognition memory in amnesia
... impairments on verbal and visual recall but not recognition memory. In such patients with damage to what they called the ‘extended hippocampal circuit’, memory based on familiarity judgements (recognition) was intact, whereas recall memory, involving recollection of contextual features, such as time ...
... impairments on verbal and visual recall but not recognition memory. In such patients with damage to what they called the ‘extended hippocampal circuit’, memory based on familiarity judgements (recognition) was intact, whereas recall memory, involving recollection of contextual features, such as time ...
Morphology of Feedback Neurons in the Mushroom Body of the
... Wild-Polyvar microscope (Leica, Bensheim, Germany). For this study, 28 specimens were evaluated. Each consisted of 1–20 marked neurons; thus, more than 200 neurons were stained and analyzed. According to their branching patterns, the feedback neurons could be classified into different classes. Howev ...
... Wild-Polyvar microscope (Leica, Bensheim, Germany). For this study, 28 specimens were evaluated. Each consisted of 1–20 marked neurons; thus, more than 200 neurons were stained and analyzed. According to their branching patterns, the feedback neurons could be classified into different classes. Howev ...
Feedforward and feedback frequency
... (~15 to 30 Hz) frequency range (Fig. 2A, bottom) (3, 12). A simple coupled excitatory-inhibitory system as described here is useful for studying the response of early visual neurons to incoming visual stimuli. For instance, recordings of local field potentials show that increasing the contrast of a ...
... (~15 to 30 Hz) frequency range (Fig. 2A, bottom) (3, 12). A simple coupled excitatory-inhibitory system as described here is useful for studying the response of early visual neurons to incoming visual stimuli. For instance, recordings of local field potentials show that increasing the contrast of a ...
Episodic memory, amnesia, and the hippocampal–anterior thalamic
... We will first describe the main features of the proposed model. This is followed by a section summarising relevant evidence from studies of amnesia and animal models of amnesia, describing the way this evidence has often been interpreted. Section 4 examines certain assumptions underlying previous in ...
... We will first describe the main features of the proposed model. This is followed by a section summarising relevant evidence from studies of amnesia and animal models of amnesia, describing the way this evidence has often been interpreted. Section 4 examines certain assumptions underlying previous in ...
The Perirhinal, Entorhinal, and Parahippocampal Cortices and
... impaired in discriminating highly similar, complex visual stimuli (Barense et al. 2007, 2010; Moss et al. 2005) and integrating crossmodal object features (Taylor et al. 2009, 2011a), even in the absence of memory demands. Finally, difficulties in visual object recognition memory were observed in pa ...
... impaired in discriminating highly similar, complex visual stimuli (Barense et al. 2007, 2010; Moss et al. 2005) and integrating crossmodal object features (Taylor et al. 2009, 2011a), even in the absence of memory demands. Finally, difficulties in visual object recognition memory were observed in pa ...
The Emergence of Knowledge and How it
... Figure 1. Associative structure, novel related PAs and flowchart of the experiment (A) The 20 locations, 12 object–location associations (“PAs”) forming one of the 10 associative knowledge structures. Only the 12 object–location associations are shown that were overlearned. Eight locations stayed emp ...
... Figure 1. Associative structure, novel related PAs and flowchart of the experiment (A) The 20 locations, 12 object–location associations (“PAs”) forming one of the 10 associative knowledge structures. Only the 12 object–location associations are shown that were overlearned. Eight locations stayed emp ...
Antioxidant Enzymes in Brain Cortex of Rats
... the samples were treated with 8 mM KCN in order to inhibit CuZnSOD (GELLER & WINGE 1983), and subjected again to enzyme assay described above. The obtained values and the differences between the two measurements were considered as MnSOD and CuZnSOD activities, respectively. The results were expresse ...
... the samples were treated with 8 mM KCN in order to inhibit CuZnSOD (GELLER & WINGE 1983), and subjected again to enzyme assay described above. The obtained values and the differences between the two measurements were considered as MnSOD and CuZnSOD activities, respectively. The results were expresse ...
Vasopressin Receptors of the Vasopressor (V,)
... recording session the dye was ejected by applying a negative voltage (W-80 V) to the micropipette for 2-3 min. The slices were fixed in 4% paraformaldehyde solution in PBS for 2-3 min and immersed in 30% sucrose in PBS. Sixty-pm-thick sections were cut in a cryostat. Following counterstaining of the ...
... recording session the dye was ejected by applying a negative voltage (W-80 V) to the micropipette for 2-3 min. The slices were fixed in 4% paraformaldehyde solution in PBS for 2-3 min and immersed in 30% sucrose in PBS. Sixty-pm-thick sections were cut in a cryostat. Following counterstaining of the ...
Saccade-related spread of activity across superior colliculus may
... with respect to the peripheral field. The visual projection forms a nonlinear, approximately logarithmic, map on the SC. Models of the SC commonly assume that the function defining the strength of neuronal connections within this map (the kernel) depends only on the distance between two neurons, and ...
... with respect to the peripheral field. The visual projection forms a nonlinear, approximately logarithmic, map on the SC. Models of the SC commonly assume that the function defining the strength of neuronal connections within this map (the kernel) depends only on the distance between two neurons, and ...
Chapter 12 PowerPoint Slided PDF - CM
... • Gray Matter: Cerebral Cortex (continued): Neocortex is divided into three areas: primary motor ...
... • Gray Matter: Cerebral Cortex (continued): Neocortex is divided into three areas: primary motor ...
Interaction between episodic and semantic memory networks in the
... delay of one week. Words learned with meanings were remembered better than those learned without meanings. Both episodic (hippocampus-dependent) and semantic (dependent on distributed neocortical areas) memory systems were utilised during recognition of the novel words. The extent to which the two s ...
... delay of one week. Words learned with meanings were remembered better than those learned without meanings. Both episodic (hippocampus-dependent) and semantic (dependent on distributed neocortical areas) memory systems were utilised during recognition of the novel words. The extent to which the two s ...
Large-Scale Functional Connectivity in Associative Learning
... covariance or functional connectivity patterns were identified. The first pattern mainly reflected similarities between groups, with strong interrelations between the subcortical auditory system and the thalamocortical visual system, cerebellum, deep cerebellar nuclei, and midline thalamus. This pat ...
... covariance or functional connectivity patterns were identified. The first pattern mainly reflected similarities between groups, with strong interrelations between the subcortical auditory system and the thalamocortical visual system, cerebellum, deep cerebellar nuclei, and midline thalamus. This pat ...
world-of-psychology-7th-edition-wood-test-bank
... 4. Which part of the neuron is responsible for maintaining the life of the cell? a) axon b) soma Correct. The soma is responsible for maintaining the life of the cell. c) dendrite d) cell membrane Incorrect. The soma is responsible for maintaining the life of the cell. ANS: b, p. 38, F, LO=2.1, (2) ...
... 4. Which part of the neuron is responsible for maintaining the life of the cell? a) axon b) soma Correct. The soma is responsible for maintaining the life of the cell. c) dendrite d) cell membrane Incorrect. The soma is responsible for maintaining the life of the cell. ANS: b, p. 38, F, LO=2.1, (2) ...
Information Processing at the Calyx of Held Under Natural Conditions
... The medial nucleus of the trapezoid body (MNTB) is probably one of the best studied nuclei in the mammalian brain. The system is studied so well because the synapses found in this nucleus, the so-called calyces of Held, are extraordinarily big compared to almost all other synapses. Therefore, they a ...
... The medial nucleus of the trapezoid body (MNTB) is probably one of the best studied nuclei in the mammalian brain. The system is studied so well because the synapses found in this nucleus, the so-called calyces of Held, are extraordinarily big compared to almost all other synapses. Therefore, they a ...
Running Head: BUFFER MODEL OF ENCODING AND RETRIEVAL
... forgetting of the items from the critical list (Bjork, LaBerge, & Legrand, 1968). However, this forgetting is viewed as a consequence of compartmentalization; not as a goal to forget the occurrence of the items on the critical lists. The goal is to remove items from the buffer in order to free limit ...
... forgetting of the items from the critical list (Bjork, LaBerge, & Legrand, 1968). However, this forgetting is viewed as a consequence of compartmentalization; not as a goal to forget the occurrence of the items on the critical lists. The goal is to remove items from the buffer in order to free limit ...
Recall, Recognition, and Confidence Patterns
... 5-point scale to rate their response con®dence, 1 meaning no certainty and 5 meaning absolute certainty. Procedure The subjects in the incidental group were called to carry out an experiment on time perception. After broadly outlining some of the results obtained in classical experiments conducted i ...
... 5-point scale to rate their response con®dence, 1 meaning no certainty and 5 meaning absolute certainty. Procedure The subjects in the incidental group were called to carry out an experiment on time perception. After broadly outlining some of the results obtained in classical experiments conducted i ...