• Study Resource
  • Explore Categories
    • Arts & Humanities
    • Business
    • Engineering & Technology
    • Foreign Language
    • History
    • Math
    • Science
    • Social Science

    Top subcategories

    • Advanced Math
    • Algebra
    • Basic Math
    • Calculus
    • Geometry
    • Linear Algebra
    • Pre-Algebra
    • Pre-Calculus
    • Statistics And Probability
    • Trigonometry
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Astronomy
    • Astrophysics
    • Biology
    • Chemistry
    • Earth Science
    • Environmental Science
    • Health Science
    • Physics
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Anthropology
    • Law
    • Political Science
    • Psychology
    • Sociology
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Accounting
    • Economics
    • Finance
    • Management
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Aerospace Engineering
    • Bioengineering
    • Chemical Engineering
    • Civil Engineering
    • Computer Science
    • Electrical Engineering
    • Industrial Engineering
    • Mechanical Engineering
    • Web Design
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Architecture
    • Communications
    • English
    • Gender Studies
    • Music
    • Performing Arts
    • Philosophy
    • Religious Studies
    • Writing
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Ancient History
    • European History
    • US History
    • World History
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Croatian
    • Czech
    • Finnish
    • Greek
    • Hindi
    • Japanese
    • Korean
    • Persian
    • Swedish
    • Turkish
    • other →
 
Profile Documents Logout
Upload
Adopted - The James Bay Advisory Committee on the Environment
Adopted - The James Bay Advisory Committee on the Environment

... cause  problems  for  the  Chisasibi  Crees.  According  to  a  member  for  the  CRA,  recreational tourism and boat ramp projects in southern James Bay would also be a  problem  due  to  inadequate  consultation  of  the  Crees  concerned.  According  to  the  same  member,  the  2001  James  Bay  ...
IPCC AR5 Synthesis Report
IPCC AR5 Synthesis Report

... Some of the changes in extreme weather and climate events observed since about 1950 have been linked to human influence ...
Predator prey interactions under climate change: the importance of
Predator prey interactions under climate change: the importance of

... mean body temperature of both mussels and seastars followed a clear spatial gradient with the highest temperatures observed at the southeastern sites and the lowest at the northwestern sites. Both mean body temperature and variance in body temperature was higher for mussels than for seastars. For mu ...
A Focus on Climate During the Past 100 Years
A Focus on Climate During the Past 100 Years

... 1), but anthropogenic influences were much smaller at that time, and the Arctic warming could also just reflect an extreme realisation of internal variability in the climate system (Zhang et al. 2007). Some authors postulate a low-frequency oscillation (Polyakov et al. 2003) in the Arctic ocean–sea ...
- Ontario Climate Change Data Portal
- Ontario Climate Change Data Portal

... the cutting and merging rules; then the mean value or an interval bounded by the maximum and minimum values of the sample set in the leaf node can be used to estimate the corresponding predictand’s value. The methodology and downscaling process of SCADS were detailed in the work of Wang et al. (2013 ...
Hunting on a hot day: effects of temperature on interactions between
Hunting on a hot day: effects of temperature on interactions between

... detectably related to temperature deviation (Fig. 3). Consistent with the observation that number of kills increased with temperature deviation but kilograms of meat obtained per individual did not, the mean mass of killed prey tended to decrease under hotter conditions (b = −0.735 ± 0.432 SE, z = − ...
skeptical science - The Science and Public Policy Institute
skeptical science - The Science and Public Policy Institute

... movement - and the likes of Al Gore - who would be making this error all the time. I agree that the record-high/record-low ratio has dropped to one-half or so. But this change is unspectacular. In some counting, it is just a 1-sigma effect because the numbers are comparable: you can say that the ove ...
Key Meteorological Indicators of Climate Change in Ireland Environmental Research Centre Report
Key Meteorological Indicators of Climate Change in Ireland Environmental Research Centre Report

... records for these sites extend back to 1890. Figure 2 shows an air temperature ...
Impact of climate change on the timing of strawberry phenological
Impact of climate change on the timing of strawberry phenological

... type of available data. In this study the meteorological observations have hourly data, but for RCM results only daily values (mean, minimum and maximum) are available. This limits the available approaches if the same methodology is to be applied to both datasets. The calculation is straightforward ...
Multi-model climate change projections for India under
Multi-model climate change projections for India under

... number of climate models under the CMIP5 experiment (http://cmip-pcmdi.llnl.gov/cmip5/data_portal.html). CMIP5 includes a broader variety of experiments and application of more comprehensive models compared to CMIP3. CMIP5 models are generally of higher resolution compared to their CMIP3 counterpart ...
how will new zealand`s forests respond to climate
how will new zealand`s forests respond to climate

... New Zealand Journal of Forestry Science 22(1): 39-53 (1992) ...
PDF
PDF

... of rainfall and maximum temperature for the specific planting and harvesting calendar for the main crops in Uganda from January to June. This enables us to highlight relevant differences between weather fluctuations and climate shocks as they represent essentially different phenomena and are expecte ...
Hawaii`s Changing Climate - School of Ocean and Earth Science
Hawaii`s Changing Climate - School of Ocean and Earth Science

... From one year to the next global warming may not be evident. But measured by decade, the instrumental record beginning in 1880 shows that the temperature of Earth’s surface and shallow ocean have increased over the past century, and accelerated since the 1970’s. According to the National Aeronautics ...
Reconstructing Climatic and Environmental Changes of the Past
Reconstructing Climatic and Environmental Changes of the Past

... over the ocean but some way into the interior of Antarctica, and this just when the world in general north of 40◦ S was experiencing a notably cold regime. Amongst the evidence which builds up this picture, at that time the winter rains failed to reach so far north over Chile. And radiocarbon dating ...
World Bank Document - Arab Trade Union Confederation
World Bank Document - Arab Trade Union Confederation

... governorates. The standard Ricardian model was applied, in addition to another three models each representing an adaptation option that could be used to reduce the harmful effects of temperature stress. A further adaptation strategy was tested: raising livestock on the farm to cope with the harmful ...
atmospheric phenomena and climate evaluating the effect of climatic
atmospheric phenomena and climate evaluating the effect of climatic

... dynamics in the boreal and tundra zone are analyzed in [ACIA, 2005; IPCC, 2014]. The vegetation dynamics within the territory of Russia is discussed in detail in [Tchebakova and Parfenova, 2006; Anisimov et al., 2015]. According to these publications, an increase in temperature is observed during al ...
Official PDF , 39 pages
Official PDF , 39 pages

... governorates. The standard Ricardian model was applied, in addition to another three models each representing an adaptation option that could be used to reduce the harmful effects of temperature stress. A further adaptation strategy was tested: raising livestock on the farm to cope with the harmful ...
Canadian Earth System Model CanESM2
Canadian Earth System Model CanESM2

... We have compared the Canadian CMIP5 generation models (coupled atmosphereocean general circulation model CanCM4 and the Earth System Model CanESM2 that includes dynamic vegetation) simulations of the Arctic 20th century temperature variability with the observed Arctic temperature. We found that the ...
NBER WORKING PAPER SERIES THE PERCEPTION AND VALUATION
NBER WORKING PAPER SERIES THE PERCEPTION AND VALUATION

... increase between the time of the survey and 2024; a gas tax that could control climate change till the later date would be accomplishing more. The survey also included a variety of other background questions and belief questions, which will be discussed in this section below, and Section 3. Qualifi ...
a discussion based on contributions from climate modeling
a discussion based on contributions from climate modeling

... and those based on other proxy reconstructions (Briffa and Osborn, 2002; Hegerl et al., 2007b) has fostered recent discussion and examination of uncertainties in the borehole approach to climate reconstruction (Mann et al., 2003; Mann and Schmidt, 2003; González-Rouco et al., 2003a, 2006; Chapman e ...
problems in evaluating regional and local trends in temperature
problems in evaluating regional and local trends in temperature

... et al.; 1996; D. Ojima, unpublished report, 1997; Quintana-Gomez, 1999). Regional managers of public lands are concerned about the ability of native plants and animals to adapt to rapidly changing climates along with other stresses such as habitat loss, invasive exotic species, air and water polluti ...
- Wiley Online Library
- Wiley Online Library

... et al.; 1996; D. Ojima, unpublished report, 1997; Quintana-Gomez, 1999). Regional managers of public lands are concerned about the ability of native plants and animals to adapt to rapidly changing climates along with other stresses such as habitat loss, invasive exotic species, air and water polluti ...
CLIMATE CHANGE 2014 Mitigation of Climate Change
CLIMATE CHANGE 2014 Mitigation of Climate Change

... Decarbonizing electricity generation is a key component of cost-effective mitigation strategies. The share of low carbon power generation exceeds 80 % in most low CO2 concentration stabilization scenarios in 2050. Share of low-carbon energy in total primary energy, electricity and liquid supply sec ...
concluded
concluded

... based on the single longest dataset available 4 (see Figure SPM.1). {2.4} • For the longest period when calculation of regional trends is sufficiently complete (1901 to 2012), almost the entire globe has experienced surface warming (see Figure SPM.1). {2.4} • In addition to robust multi-decadal wa ...
Empirical evidence for Thailand surface temperature changes and
Empirical evidence for Thailand surface temperature changes and

... 1970s have been in phase with the persistent and exceptionally strong warm phase of ENSO cycles. Furthermore, the EOF1 coefficient series of T min and T amin have monotonically increased at a faster rate than those of T max , and T amax since the mid 1950s that resemble the greenhouse warming finger ...
< 1 ... 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 ... 73 >

North Report

The North Report was a 2006 report evaluating reconstructions of the temperature record of the past two millennia, providing an overview of the state of the science and the implications for understanding of global warming. It was produced by a National Research Council committee, chaired by Gerald North, at the request of Representative Sherwood Boehlert as chairman of the U.S. House of Representatives Committee on Science.These reconstructions had been dubbed ""hockey stick graphs"" after the 1999 reconstruction by Mann, Bradley and Hughes (MBH99), which used the methodology of their 1998 reconstruction covering 600 years (MBH98). A graph based on MBH99 was featured prominently in the 2001 IPCC Third Assessment Report (TAR), and became a focus of the global warming controversy over the 1997 Kyoto Protocol. It was disputed by various contrarians, and in the politicisation of this hockey stick controversy the New York Times of 14 February 2005 hailed a paper by businessman Stephen McIntyre and economist Ross McKitrick (MM05) as undermining the scientific consensus behind the Kyoto agreement. On 23 June 2005, Rep. Joe Barton, chairman of the House Committee on Energy and Commerce, with Ed Whitfield, Chairman of the Subcommittee on Oversight and Investigations, wrote joint letters referring to issues raised by the Wall Street Journal article, and demanding that Mann, Bradley and Hughes provide full records on their data and methods, finances and careers, information about grants provided to the institutions they had worked for, and the exact computer codes used to generate their results. Boehlert said this was a ""misguided and illegitimate investigation"" into something that should properly be under the jurisdiction of the Science Committee, and in November 2005 after Barton dismissed the offer of an independent investigation organised by the U.S. National Academy of Sciences, Boehlert requested the review, which became the North Report.The North Report went through a rigorous review process, and was published on 22 June 2006. It concluded ""with a high level of confidence that global mean surface temperature was higher during the last few decades of the 20th century than during any comparable period during the preceding four centuries"", justified by consistent evidence from a wide variety of geographically diverse proxies, but ""Less confidence can be placed in large-scale surface temperature reconstructions for the period from 900 to 1600"". It broadly agreed with the basic findings of the original MBH studies, which subsequently been supported by other reconstructions and proxy records, while emphasising uncertainties over earlier periods. The principal component analysis methodology that McIntyre and McKitrick had contested had a small tendency to bias results so was not recommended—but it had little influence on the final reconstructions, and other methods produced similar results.
  • studyres.com © 2025
  • DMCA
  • Privacy
  • Terms
  • Report