• Study Resource
  • Explore Categories
    • Arts & Humanities
    • Business
    • Engineering & Technology
    • Foreign Language
    • History
    • Math
    • Science
    • Social Science

    Top subcategories

    • Advanced Math
    • Algebra
    • Basic Math
    • Calculus
    • Geometry
    • Linear Algebra
    • Pre-Algebra
    • Pre-Calculus
    • Statistics And Probability
    • Trigonometry
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Astronomy
    • Astrophysics
    • Biology
    • Chemistry
    • Earth Science
    • Environmental Science
    • Health Science
    • Physics
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Anthropology
    • Law
    • Political Science
    • Psychology
    • Sociology
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Accounting
    • Economics
    • Finance
    • Management
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Aerospace Engineering
    • Bioengineering
    • Chemical Engineering
    • Civil Engineering
    • Computer Science
    • Electrical Engineering
    • Industrial Engineering
    • Mechanical Engineering
    • Web Design
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Architecture
    • Communications
    • English
    • Gender Studies
    • Music
    • Performing Arts
    • Philosophy
    • Religious Studies
    • Writing
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Ancient History
    • European History
    • US History
    • World History
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Croatian
    • Czech
    • Finnish
    • Greek
    • Hindi
    • Japanese
    • Korean
    • Persian
    • Swedish
    • Turkish
    • other →
 
Profile Documents Logout
Upload
Chapter 1: Introduction - Committee on Climate Change
Chapter 1: Introduction - Committee on Climate Change

... UK Climate Change Risk Assessment 2017: Evidence Report • What is the urgency of action needed for different risks and opportunities? • What are the uncertainties, limitations and confidence in the underlying evidence and analysis for different risks and opportunities? In addressing these questions ...
Progress in Physical Geography   Sea levels: resolution and uncertainty
Progress in Physical Geography Sea levels: resolution and uncertainty

... However, problems can arise when comparing assemblages from areas in which additional variables, such as salinity, exert contrasting influences on microfossil distributions (eg, Culver and Horton, 2005; Horton and Murray, 2007). Similarly, seasonal effects mean that species-environment relationships ...
An efficient regional energy-moisture balance
An efficient regional energy-moisture balance

... For the 21st century, a number of coupled general circulation model (GCM) runs for several emission scenarios are available and can be used to force ice sheet models. The use of high-resolution, regional models driven by GCMs could additionally improve the representation of climate change over Green ...
Consequences of Climate Change and Variability in the for a Vulnerability Assessment
Consequences of Climate Change and Variability in the for a Vulnerability Assessment

... Change (USNA) - in which we were involved-did not attempt to provide regional or even national predictions of climate change.” Later in the letter in Nature, they conclude with, “We strongly agree that much more reliable regional climate simulations and analyses are needed. However, at present,...su ...
Asymmetric Trends of Daily Maximum and Minimum Temperature
Asymmetric Trends of Daily Maximum and Minimum Temperature

... The mean monthly maximum and minimum tem- DTRfrom both of these regions. Meanwhile,work from peratures are derived from an average of the daily another data exchange agreement, a bilateral agreemaximum and minimum temperatures. The mean ment between the UnitedStates and the former USSR monthly diurn ...
Progress in Physical Geography
Progress in Physical Geography

... However, problems can arise when comparing assemblages from areas in which additional variables, such as salinity, exert contrasting influences on microfossil distributions (eg, Culver and Horton, 2005; Horton and Murray, 2007). Similarly, seasonal effects mean that species-environment relationships ...
Evaluation, characterization, and communication of uncertainty by
Evaluation, characterization, and communication of uncertainty by

... reports) asserted that “Responding to climate change involves an iterative risk management process that includes both adaptation and mitigation and takes into account climate change damages, co-benefits, sustainability, equity, and attitudes toward risk” (IPCC 2007b, pg 22). Indeed, Mastrandrea et a ...
26112015-Pielke-Jr-VWN presentation
26112015-Pielke-Jr-VWN presentation

... responsible for the documented increasing losses to date. •Because of issues related to data quality, the stochastic nature of extreme event impacts, length of time series, and various societal factors present in the disaster loss record, it is still not possible to determine the portion of the incr ...
Emerging Vibrio risk in the Baltic Sea in response to ocean warming
Emerging Vibrio risk in the Baltic Sea in response to ocean warming

... Improving epidemiology. There is a dire need to improve the basic epidemiology of vibriosis in Europe, such as the timing, location, probable route of exposure and agent responsible. Improving the epidemiology requires coordination and effort across Europe, including clinical microbiologists, public ...
Slide 1
Slide 1

... 3. The details and history of local conditions, instruments, operating procedures, data processing algorithms and other factors pertinent to interpreting data (i.e., metadata) should be documented and treated with the same care as the data themselves. So we can figure out when changes happened rathe ...
Center for Global Environmental Research
Center for Global Environmental Research

... This joint research team involving CCSR, NIES, and FRCGC has developed two versions of MIROC: one with a higher resolution (with about 100 km and 20 km horizontal resolution in the atmosphere and ocean, respectively) for research on regional as well as global climate change and extreme events, and a ...
Temperature Shocks and Economic Growth: Evidence from the Last Half Century
Temperature Shocks and Economic Growth: Evidence from the Last Half Century

... climatic changes may have additional long-run effects on dimensions such as water tables, soil quality, and health, producing larger impacts (e.g., Meehl et al. 2004). 6 Although our approach cannot fully overcome these challenges, we can make some headway in exploring potential impacts of shifts in ...
Climate
Climate

... 3.   Projected Climate Change in Wisconsin.............................................................................. 9   a.   Methodology ....................................................................................................................... 9   (i)   Downscaling method ...
Influence of Patterns of Climate Variability on the Difference
Influence of Patterns of Climate Variability on the Difference

... Chelliah and Ropelewski 2000). The westerlies have strengthened in the subpolar latitudes and weakened throughout most of the lower latitudes. We will come back to these patterns later in the paper. 3. Influence of modes of variability connected to surface temperature In the following, we discuss th ...
Investigation - Earthjustice
Investigation - Earthjustice

... evidence suggests a discernable human influence on global climate.”2 In 2001, the IPCC released its Third Assessment Report, which confirmed that the planet was warming and found that “[t]here is new and stronger evidence that most of the warming observed over the last 50 years is attributable to hu ...
Nature Communications Review Integrating Pliocene Geological
Nature Communications Review Integrating Pliocene Geological

... understand the mPWP, and the way in which the data and modelling communities are able to inform each other on important issues associated with climate variability, processes driving local, regional and global climate change, and uncertainties in palaeoenvironmental reconstruction and climate modelli ...
The effect of experimental warming and precipitation
The effect of experimental warming and precipitation

... Results from short-term laboratory experiments suggest that among-biome differences in climate will significantly impact the response of proteolytic enzyme activity to rising temperature and changes in precipitation. In the short term, increases in temperature and soil moisture have been shown to en ...
American Meteorological Society Member Survey on Global
American Meteorological Society Member Survey on Global

... average  temperature  has  been  increasing  over  the  past  150  years,  may  be   increasing  more  in  the  future,  and  that  the  world’s  climate  may  change  as  a   result.”  The  investigators  received  separate  emails  fr ...
Arctic amplification: can the past constrain the future?
Arctic amplification: can the past constrain the future?

... that its density exceeds that of the cold, low-salinity surface waters. The inflowing relatively dense Atlantic water sinks beneath the colder, fresher surface water upon entering the Arctic Ocean. North of Svalbard, Atlantic water spreads as a boundary current into the Arctic Basin and forms the Atl ...
Amplification and dampening of soil respiration by changes in
Amplification and dampening of soil respiration by changes in

... One of the most important feedbacks of terrestrial ecosystems to climate change is the potential release of soil carbon as temperature increases, especially at high latitudes (Field et al., 2007). The amount of carbon stored in soils worldwide exceeds the amount of carbon in the atmosphere by a fact ...
Future climate in world regions - the IPCC Data Distribution Centre
Future climate in world regions - the IPCC Data Distribution Centre

... An additional source of uncertainty relates to the natural variability of climate. Part of this variability is unforced, due to internal perturbations in the climate system. Another part is due to external forcing from natural phenomena such as variations in solar activity or volcanic eruptions. Cli ...
PDF - Durham Research Online
PDF - Durham Research Online

... flies that land on a face, and the proportion of these flyhuman contacts that leads to infection. The development, survival and activity of flies is likely to be associated with ambient temperature and humidity. There is also an optimum range of temperature and humidity for the fly, above and below ...
When Science and Ideology Collide: Explaining
When Science and Ideology Collide: Explaining

... this alternative hypothesis by assessing the interactive effects of news reception on global warming opinions before elites became so sharply divided about climate change science in the United States. If, as the prior hypotheses suggest, reception of elite discourse is responsible for the unique po ...
Climate Change: Addressing the Major Skeptic Arguments
Climate Change: Addressing the Major Skeptic Arguments

... throughout the troposphere. Observations are consistent with these predictions. Furthermore, new hot spot) is missing. measurements in the tropics suggest greater warming in the upper troposphere than at the surface, as predicted by the models. Although the tropospheric hot spot (signature) is not u ...
Forcing of anthropogenic aerosols on temperature trends of the sub
Forcing of anthropogenic aerosols on temperature trends of the sub

... the pre-1990s IO sub-thermocline cooling is most likely due to climate change and not natural variability; ii. the models show a slowdown in the cooling trend during the 1990s; and iii. simulate a rapid warming after 2020, that lags observational estimates by approximately 30 years. The role of exte ...
< 1 ... 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 ... 73 >

North Report

The North Report was a 2006 report evaluating reconstructions of the temperature record of the past two millennia, providing an overview of the state of the science and the implications for understanding of global warming. It was produced by a National Research Council committee, chaired by Gerald North, at the request of Representative Sherwood Boehlert as chairman of the U.S. House of Representatives Committee on Science.These reconstructions had been dubbed ""hockey stick graphs"" after the 1999 reconstruction by Mann, Bradley and Hughes (MBH99), which used the methodology of their 1998 reconstruction covering 600 years (MBH98). A graph based on MBH99 was featured prominently in the 2001 IPCC Third Assessment Report (TAR), and became a focus of the global warming controversy over the 1997 Kyoto Protocol. It was disputed by various contrarians, and in the politicisation of this hockey stick controversy the New York Times of 14 February 2005 hailed a paper by businessman Stephen McIntyre and economist Ross McKitrick (MM05) as undermining the scientific consensus behind the Kyoto agreement. On 23 June 2005, Rep. Joe Barton, chairman of the House Committee on Energy and Commerce, with Ed Whitfield, Chairman of the Subcommittee on Oversight and Investigations, wrote joint letters referring to issues raised by the Wall Street Journal article, and demanding that Mann, Bradley and Hughes provide full records on their data and methods, finances and careers, information about grants provided to the institutions they had worked for, and the exact computer codes used to generate their results. Boehlert said this was a ""misguided and illegitimate investigation"" into something that should properly be under the jurisdiction of the Science Committee, and in November 2005 after Barton dismissed the offer of an independent investigation organised by the U.S. National Academy of Sciences, Boehlert requested the review, which became the North Report.The North Report went through a rigorous review process, and was published on 22 June 2006. It concluded ""with a high level of confidence that global mean surface temperature was higher during the last few decades of the 20th century than during any comparable period during the preceding four centuries"", justified by consistent evidence from a wide variety of geographically diverse proxies, but ""Less confidence can be placed in large-scale surface temperature reconstructions for the period from 900 to 1600"". It broadly agreed with the basic findings of the original MBH studies, which subsequently been supported by other reconstructions and proxy records, while emphasising uncertainties over earlier periods. The principal component analysis methodology that McIntyre and McKitrick had contested had a small tendency to bias results so was not recommended—but it had little influence on the final reconstructions, and other methods produced similar results.
  • studyres.com © 2025
  • DMCA
  • Privacy
  • Terms
  • Report