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The relevance of proton-proton physics for the understanding
The relevance of proton-proton physics for the understanding

Bacteria IN activity: Parametrization application for cloud droplet
Bacteria IN activity: Parametrization application for cloud droplet

... approach of insoluble particles. As result is hypothesized that bacteria is absorbing water or is partially soluble in water. (More research is needed in order to know the mechanism by which they nucleate) ...
Chapter 5 Wave Mechanics
Chapter 5 Wave Mechanics

... of a well-known and much studied form. As well as working in familiar mathematical territory, physicists and chemists were also working with something concrete in what was in other ways a very abstract theory – the wave function was apparently a wave in space which could be visualized, at least to a ...
Angular Impulse and Momentum for a Particle
Angular Impulse and Momentum for a Particle

Quantum Information and the Representation Theory of the
Quantum Information and the Representation Theory of the

... an information source emitting symbols x ∈ Zd , with probabilities p(x), then as n → ∞, the empirical frequency distribution wx of an i.i.d sequence ~x from the source will almost surely coincide with the sampling distribution p(x). We can then talk of typical sequences as being those for which w ' ...
1 On the derivation of wave function reduction from Schrödinger`s
1 On the derivation of wave function reduction from Schrödinger`s

okaday-ilcd - JLC
okaday-ilcd - JLC

The Majorana bases structure and an electrically neutral spin 1/2
The Majorana bases structure and an electrically neutral spin 1/2

... of a curved space-time. In any one of Majorana bases the Dirac generally covariant equation reduces to a pair of separate equations for a real and complex parts of the 4-spinor wave function Ψ = ϕ+ + iϕ− . The lorentz matrices in bispinor space, being specified in any Majorana basis, turn to be real ...
Slides - Agenda INFN
Slides - Agenda INFN

Slide 1
Slide 1

... differing in values of the new quantum number subsequently termed color. Since at the time, when the new quantum number was introduced, only three kinds of quarks were known − (u,d,s), the quark model with an additional quantum number was termed the three-triplet model. Since the new quantum number ...
The Quantum Hall Effect
The Quantum Hall Effect

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Thermodynamics of an Ideal Gas of Bosons Harmonically Trapped

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The Beh-MechaNiSM, iNTeracTioNS wiTh ShorT

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Glossary - The Open University

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UNCHARGED PARTICLE TUNNELING FROM NON

Simultaneous determination of PM fractions, particle number
Simultaneous determination of PM fractions, particle number

Bohmian Trajectories of the Two-Electron Helium Atom
Bohmian Trajectories of the Two-Electron Helium Atom

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The RHIC gold rush

The quark model and deep inelastic scattering
The quark model and deep inelastic scattering

... their anti-quarks. There are three flavours of quarks and three (anti-)flavours of anti-quarks so we should find 3 × 3 states. These states break down into an octet and a singlet (3 × 3 = 8 + 1). The octet contains three pions, four kaons, and the η meson. The singlet η 0 is largely a ss̄ state, and ...
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- RZ User

... Heisenberg then constructed an elegant algebraic framework that could be used to “quantize” all mechanical systems. This mathematical abstraction perfectly matched Heisenberg’s idealistic philosophy. Later, matrix mechanics was indeed shown to lead to the same observable predictions for measurement ...
LECTURE 14 HADRONS PHY492 Nuclear and Elementary Particle Physics
LECTURE 14 HADRONS PHY492 Nuclear and Elementary Particle Physics

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5301-1.pdf

Quantum Fields near Black Holes - Theoretisch
Quantum Fields near Black Holes - Theoretisch

... which mixes the annihilation and creations operators. If one defines a Fock space and a ’vacuum’ corresponding to the first mode expansion, ak Ωu = 0, then the expectation of the number operator b †p bp defined with respect to the second mode expansion is (Ωu , b†p bp Ωu ) = ...
What is Reality? New Scientist
What is Reality? New Scientist

The fractional quantum Hall effect: Laughlin wave function, fractional
The fractional quantum Hall effect: Laughlin wave function, fractional

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Identical particles

Identical particles, also called indistinguishable or indiscernible particles, are particles that cannot be distinguished from one another, even in principle. Species of identical particles include, but are not limited to elementary particles such as electrons, composite subatomic particles such as atomic nuclei, as well as atoms and molecules. Quasiparticles also behave in this way. Although all known indistinguishable particles are ""tiny"", there is no exhaustive list of all possible sorts of particles nor a clear-cut limit of applicability; see particle statistics #Quantum statistics for detailed explication.There are two main categories of identical particles: bosons, which can share quantum states, and fermions, which do not share quantum states due to the Pauli exclusion principle. Examples of bosons are photons, gluons, phonons, helium-4 nuclei and all mesons. Examples of fermions are electrons, neutrinos, quarks, protons, neutrons, and helium-3 nuclei.The fact that particles can be identical has important consequences in statistical mechanics. Calculations in statistical mechanics rely on probabilistic arguments, which are sensitive to whether or not the objects being studied are identical. As a result, identical particles exhibit markedly different statistical behavior from distinguishable particles. For example, the indistinguishability of particles has been proposed as a solution to Gibbs' mixing paradox.
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