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pptx - University of Washington
pptx - University of Washington

...  UFG is stable and superfluid at zero temperature  Full thermodynamic properties are known from ab initio calculations and many of them were confirmed by experiment  The quasiparticle spectrum was determined in ab initio calculations at zero and finite temperatures  UFG has the highest (relative ...
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Analysis of Simple Charged Particle Systems that Exhibit Chaos

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Fibonacci Quanta - University of Illinois at Chicago

... ratio, φ = (1 + _5)/2. On the other hand, the quadratic equation may have imaginary roots. (This happens when a 2 + 4b is less than zero.) Under these circumstances, the formal solution does not represent a real number. For example, if i denotes the square root of minus one, then we could write ...
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... ====== [2.10] Two quantum particles in a box with interaction The calculation of the partition function Z2 for two identical quantum particle in a box, is both interesting and later on useful for the purpose of calculating the second virial coefficient of an N particle gas. The Hamiltonian is: H= ...
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... All particles leaving the Stern-Gerlach apparatus are then in an eigenstate of the Sz operator, i.e., their spin is either ”up” or ”down” with respect to the z-direction. Let’s now concentrate on the ”spin up” particles (in z-direction), that means we block up the ”spin down” in some way, and perfor ...
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Page 12 - at www.arxiv.org.
Page 12 - at www.arxiv.org.

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Identical particles

Identical particles, also called indistinguishable or indiscernible particles, are particles that cannot be distinguished from one another, even in principle. Species of identical particles include, but are not limited to elementary particles such as electrons, composite subatomic particles such as atomic nuclei, as well as atoms and molecules. Quasiparticles also behave in this way. Although all known indistinguishable particles are ""tiny"", there is no exhaustive list of all possible sorts of particles nor a clear-cut limit of applicability; see particle statistics #Quantum statistics for detailed explication.There are two main categories of identical particles: bosons, which can share quantum states, and fermions, which do not share quantum states due to the Pauli exclusion principle. Examples of bosons are photons, gluons, phonons, helium-4 nuclei and all mesons. Examples of fermions are electrons, neutrinos, quarks, protons, neutrons, and helium-3 nuclei.The fact that particles can be identical has important consequences in statistical mechanics. Calculations in statistical mechanics rely on probabilistic arguments, which are sensitive to whether or not the objects being studied are identical. As a result, identical particles exhibit markedly different statistical behavior from distinguishable particles. For example, the indistinguishability of particles has been proposed as a solution to Gibbs' mixing paradox.
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