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Composition Once upon a time, billions of years ago
Composition Once upon a time, billions of years ago

... What Influence does the Core have? Because the core is so hot, it radiates a natural heat to the upper layers. This heat causes the convection currents we talked about in the mantle section of this article. The outer core and the inner core together cause the earth's magnetism. Because the earth rot ...
Section 4 Deforming the Earth`s Crust
Section 4 Deforming the Earth`s Crust

... Uplift and Subsidence, continued • Tectonic Letdown: Subsidence can also occur when the lithosphere becomes stretched in rift zones. • A rift zone is a set of deep cracks that forms between two tectonic plates that are pulling away from each other. • As tectonic plates pull apart, stress between the ...
Here
Here

... by the Moon pulling on the oceans, then why is there usually two high tides per day? • Actually tides are caused by differences in the gravitational forces. ...
In the beginning….
In the beginning….

... bottom of the mantle). “Hit and run” collisions might erode the crust,  leaving behind depleted (non‐chondritic) mantle (O’Neill and Palme, 2008).  The bulk composition of a planet can evolve as enriched crust and depleted  mantle are stripped from the planet in various proportions during giant  imp ...
Slide 1
Slide 1

... forces for plate motion. The hot but solid rock of the mantle behaves in a plastic way over long periods of geologic time. It can flow very slowly circulating within the Earth. ...
APS Science Curriculum Unit Planner
APS Science Curriculum Unit Planner

... of gas emissions and patterns of seismic activity due to rising magma. ...
07_LectureOutline
07_LectureOutline

... Earth is greater than force on the far side. Water can flow freely in response. ...
PP5-AbbeyNaji - Stout Middle School
PP5-AbbeyNaji - Stout Middle School

... • Scientists can track movement of tectonic plates. • The Mariana Trench is the deepest part of the ocean. ...
Lesson 4 – A Deeper Look at Plate Movement - Project 3D-VIEW
Lesson 4 – A Deeper Look at Plate Movement - Project 3D-VIEW

... What are the layers of Earth? Approximately 4.6 billion years ago, there was a huge explosion of gas and matter in Space which caused material to condense and form giant balls that circled our Sun. Over time, these giant balls of gas and matter cooled and became the planets of our Solar System, inc ...
What type of volcano?
What type of volcano?

... • S6CS1.b Understand that hypotheses are valuable if they lead to fruitful • investigations, even if the hypotheses turn out not to be completely accurate • descriptions. • S6CS3.d Draw conclusions based on analyzed data. • S6CS5.b Identify several different models (such as physical replicas, • pict ...
3 How does the movement of lithospheric plates cause major events
3 How does the movement of lithospheric plates cause major events

... Continental Drift Theory - a theory explaining the gradual movement of the continents across the earth's surface through geological time Alfred Wegener - a German scientist that proposed continental drift in 1912 mid-ocean ridge – underwater mountain ranges that can form at a divergent boundary ocea ...
Assembly and Breakup of Supercontinents
Assembly and Breakup of Supercontinents

... one supercontinental framework, called the Pangea, surrounded by a single ocean. New evidence cropped up recently which indicated existence of a still older Rodinia supercontinent whose dismembered fragments had later reassembled to form the younger Pangea supercontinent. The Earth is a Living Plane ...
8_Plate_Tectonics_n_Layers_of_the_Earth
8_Plate_Tectonics_n_Layers_of_the_Earth

... like soup or water in a pan you can watch the convection currents move in the liquid. When the convection currents flow in the asthenosphere they also move the crust. The crust gets a free ride with these currents, like the cork in ...
key terms
key terms

... accretionary prism (188): The contorted and metamorphosed body of rock compressed onto the margin of a continent. anticline (170): A geologic structure in which strata are bent into an upfold or arch. The oldest rocks are at the center and the youngest are on the flanks. apparent polar wandering pat ...
Presentation
Presentation

... stays constant during its lifetime. ...
Plate Tectonics
Plate Tectonics

... separate sections called __________. These plates fit together along cracks in the lithosphere. • Scientists realized that the continental drift idea could be explained by sea floor spreading. Wilson took what these scientists knew and combined it with his idea about Earth’s plates into a single the ...
Geology Unit Jeopardy 07
Geology Unit Jeopardy 07

... What is the name of the circular pattern of material in the mantle that scientists think cause the plates to move? ...
GEO235_syllabus
GEO235_syllabus

... night before class. The questions should be either to clarify topics that are confusing or questions that go beyond the information covered in the chapters. The class questions will be used to guide the lectures for each chapter. If you are absent you may hand in the questions via E-mail but will on ...
Inside Earth: Layers of the Earth
Inside Earth: Layers of the Earth

... If someone told you to figure out what is inside Earth, what would you do? How could you figure out what is inside our planet? How do scientists figure it out? They use the information given to them by Earthquakes and meteorites. Seismic Waves Scientists called Seismologists (a type of geologist who ...
Inside Earth: Layers of the Earth - Maria Montessori Academy Blog
Inside Earth: Layers of the Earth - Maria Montessori Academy Blog

... If someone told you to figure out what is inside Earth, what would you do? How could you figure out what is inside our planet? How do scientists figure it out? They use the information given to them by Earthquakes and meteorites. Seismic Waves Scientists called Seismologists (a type of geologist who ...
Sample
Sample

... Our knowledge concerning the structure of Earth’s interior is based on the study of seismology. Thus we are able to define the major layers of Earth, including the inner core, outer core, mantle, and crust. The uppermost layer of Earth is known as the lithosphere, which is relatively strong and rigi ...
Inside Earth: Layers of the Earth
Inside Earth: Layers of the Earth

... If someone told you to figure out what is inside Earth, what would you do? How could you figure out what is inside our planet? How do scientists figure it out? They use the information given to them by Earthquakes and meteorites. Seismic Waves Scientists called Seismologists (a type of geologist who ...
Тестовые задания к тексту «Landforms» для студентов
Тестовые задания к тексту «Landforms» для студентов

... formed. The Ands of South America, the Alps of Europe and the Himalayas of Asia are examples of folded mountains. Surface forces that make landforms As plate movements reshape the earth’s continents and ocean floor, certain external processes are at work, changing surface features. These processes a ...
Plate Tectonics Lecture Notes Page
Plate Tectonics Lecture Notes Page

... • As the solid lithosphere bends upwards, it begins to crack and break. The rising molten asthenosphere now can reach the surface, where it can cool and solidify forming new seafloor. As the magma solidifies, its’ density increases and as a result, starts to sink. However, since hot asthenosphere c ...
Evidence for layered mantle convection
Evidence for layered mantle convection

... mantle convection. The points numbered below set forth key results from existing literature, mainly from the perspective of mineral physics, and provide new information from relatively unexplored avenues, all of which indicate that mantle convection is layered. (1) Available rock samples have invari ...
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Spherical Earth



The concept of a spherical Earth dates back to around the 6th century BC, when it was mentioned in ancient Greek philosophy, but remained a matter of philosophical speculation until the 3rd century BC, when Hellenistic astronomy established the spherical shape of the earth as a physical given. The paradigm was gradually adopted throughout the Old World during Late Antiquity and the Middle Ages. A practical demonstration of Earth's sphericity was achieved by Ferdinand Magellan and Juan Sebastián Elcano's expedition's circumnavigation (1519−1522).The concept of a spherical Earth displaced earlier beliefs in a flat Earth: In early Mesopotamian mythology, the world was portrayed as a flat disk floating in the ocean and surrounded by a spherical sky, and this forms the premise for early world maps like those of Anaximander and Hecataeus of Miletus. Other speculations on the shape of Earth include a seven-layered ziggurat or cosmic mountain, alluded to in the Avesta and ancient Persian writings (see seven climes).The realization that the figure of the Earth is more accurately described as an ellipsoid dates to the 18th century (Maupertuis).In the early 19th century, the flattening of the earth ellipsoid was determined to be of the order of 1/300 (Delambre, Everest). The modern value as determined by the US DoD World Geodetic System since the 1960s is close to 1/298.25.
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