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First stop – the CRUST
First stop – the CRUST

... of iron and nickel. The silicates are much less dense than the metals. This separation occurred in the very early stages of the Earth’s formation, as heavier elements were pulled by gravity towards the center, and the lighter elements rose to the surface. ...
Sample edition of skynotes
Sample edition of skynotes

... to the stores on the Monday morning. It also saw plenty of entertainment. We had the usual rocket competition in the morning. As we had fewer children participating, it was decided to let the adults have ago!! The children’s competition was won again by Hannah Jeffery (a society member) and the adul ...
what`s inside the earth?
what`s inside the earth?

... makes the point: "Oil, water, lava: these are just a few of the things that come from deep within the earth." Next, we see students examining a large globe. As useful as globes are, they are unable to tell us what's inside our planet. Since nobody has ever been to the center of the earth, how do we ...
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... ● Whether a material bends or breaks ...
Document
Document

... data combined with 40Ar/39Ar and Fission track ages suggest that 10-25 km of material has been eroded from the central Karakoram since the early Eocene, and <3 km since Plio-Pleistocene7,8,9. Ductile shearing is constrained as occurring between 15.68 ±0.3 and 13.73±0.5 Ma from U-Pb ages of sheared l ...
B. - charlesburrows.com
B. - charlesburrows.com

... b. describes magma or igneous rock that is rich in feldspars and silica, and generally light in color c. liquid rock that forms under Earth’s surface d. describes magma or igneous rock that is rich in magnesium and iron, and generally dark in color e. a vent or fissure in Earth’s surface through whi ...
Manusript of the article: Varga, P., Krumm, FW, Grafarend, EW
Manusript of the article: Varga, P., Krumm, FW, Grafarend, EW

... magnitude would allow a relative motion of the lithosphere over the asthenosphere due to the long-wavelength perturbations at this rate (Doglioni et al. 2011). Study of map series of plate tectonic reconstructions for the Phaneorozoic Following Varga et al. (2012) we here continue to analyze the ser ...
Plate Tectonics and Continental Drift
Plate Tectonics and Continental Drift

... – Slab pull – dense ocean crust descends under its own weight – Ridge push – gravity pulls lithosphere down & away from ridge – Friction – resistance to movement from various sources ...
OH NO… Good Shot – TRY AGAIN!
OH NO… Good Shot – TRY AGAIN!

... Time to Dig in…  Level 1 – Earth’s Surface – The Lithosphere  Level 2 – Earth’s Mantle - The Asthenosphere  Level 3 – The Outer Core  Level 4 – The Inner Core  How do we KNOW these levels exist?  Explore the Depths - Test Your Knowledge ...
Earth`s Many Layers
Earth`s Many Layers

... • Initially, Earth = homogeneous mixture ♣ Rock + metal • Heated by: ♣ Energy of impacts ♣ Radioactive decay ...
Plate Tectonics Review
Plate Tectonics Review

... What are two pieces of evidence that Wegener use to construct his Continental Drift Theory? ...
plates
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... how the same fossil can be found on all continents. ...
Earth Science Final Exam
Earth Science Final Exam

... 41. In general, what happens in terms of composition as crystallization proceeds down the Bowen’s reaction series (cooling of magma)? 42. What is the difference between magma and lava? 43. What are the two criteria used to classify igneous rocks? 44. What are two conditions or situations that are th ...
GeologyJeopardy
GeologyJeopardy

... • Describe the processes that formed Pennsylvania geologic structures and resources including mountains, glacial formations, water gaps and ridges. • Distinguish between examples of rapid surface changes (e.g., landslides, earthquakes) and slow surface changes (e.g., weathering). Standards for Globa ...
Inside Earth: Layers of the Earth
Inside Earth: Layers of the Earth

... If someone told you to figure out what is inside Earth, what would you do? How could you figure out what is inside our planet? How do scientists figure it out? They use the information given to them by Earthquakes and meteorites. Seismic Waves Scientists called Seismologists (a type of geologist who ...
Lecture PowerPoint Slides
Lecture PowerPoint Slides

... – No S-waves and no P-waves detected – Extends over all regions greater than 105 o from epicenter • Due to inability of S-waves to pass through liquid outer core ...
earthquake
earthquake

... greatest damage to structures is from landslides and ground subsidence, or the sinking of the ...
Topic: Earth`s Features Topic: Earth s Features
Topic: Earth`s Features Topic: Earth s Features

... ‐What crustal features are found at a divergent boundary? ‐What crustal features are found at a convergent  What crustal features are found at a convergent boundary? ‐What is subduction? ‐What crustal features are found at a transform boundary? ...
Inside the Restless Earth
Inside the Restless Earth

... 5. What is Continental Drift and who first wrote this theory? Continental drift was first proposed by Alfred Wegener and is the theory that the Earth’s continents have moved in the past, and are constantly moving. 6. What are three pieces of evidence this scientist discovered that supported his theo ...
Journey to the Center of the EarthÓ Lawrence W. Braile, Professor
Journey to the Center of the EarthÓ Lawrence W. Braile, Professor

... The Earth's surface is a marked boundary, between the solid or liquid Earth below and the Atmosphere above, with distinct changes in properties. Surface materials on land are usually soil, sediments, sedimentary rocks or weathered crystalline rocks. Beneath surface sedimentary rocks, lies a crystall ...
Big Ideas - SERC
Big Ideas - SERC

... Michael Wysession Washington University St. Louis, MO ...
Lecture 10
Lecture 10

... Why did Venus lose its water? • Same reason as for Mars • UV light: H2O  H2 + ½ O2  photolysis ...
File - RBSS Outdoors
File - RBSS Outdoors

... rock. Use Concept Definition Handout 2. Describe the sub-categories 3. Give at least 3 or 4 examples of these types of rocks and possible human uses.. Eg. Granite is an igneous rock used for countertops.. 4. Describe how your rock fits into the rock cycle.. Pg.12-Transformations. ...
Essentials of Geology
Essentials of Geology

... Pearson recognizes the environmental challenges facing this planet and acknowledges our responsibility in making a difference. This book has been carefully crafted to minimize environmental impact. The binding, cover, and paper come from facilities that minimize waste, energy consumption, and the us ...
Chapter 7—Plate Tectonics Underlies All Earth
Chapter 7—Plate Tectonics Underlies All Earth

... accretionary prism (192): The contorted and metamorphosed body of rock compressed onto the margin of a continent. anticline (206): A geologic structure in which strata are bent into an upfold or arch. The oldest rocks are at the center and the youngest are on the flanks. apparent polar wandering pat ...
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Spherical Earth



The concept of a spherical Earth dates back to around the 6th century BC, when it was mentioned in ancient Greek philosophy, but remained a matter of philosophical speculation until the 3rd century BC, when Hellenistic astronomy established the spherical shape of the earth as a physical given. The paradigm was gradually adopted throughout the Old World during Late Antiquity and the Middle Ages. A practical demonstration of Earth's sphericity was achieved by Ferdinand Magellan and Juan Sebastián Elcano's expedition's circumnavigation (1519−1522).The concept of a spherical Earth displaced earlier beliefs in a flat Earth: In early Mesopotamian mythology, the world was portrayed as a flat disk floating in the ocean and surrounded by a spherical sky, and this forms the premise for early world maps like those of Anaximander and Hecataeus of Miletus. Other speculations on the shape of Earth include a seven-layered ziggurat or cosmic mountain, alluded to in the Avesta and ancient Persian writings (see seven climes).The realization that the figure of the Earth is more accurately described as an ellipsoid dates to the 18th century (Maupertuis).In the early 19th century, the flattening of the earth ellipsoid was determined to be of the order of 1/300 (Delambre, Everest). The modern value as determined by the US DoD World Geodetic System since the 1960s is close to 1/298.25.
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