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Hypothalamus - pituitary
Hypothalamus - pituitary

... factors secreted by the liver (IGF-I, IGF-II) • IGF-I (insulin-like growth factor) stimulates skeletal growth by increasing collagen and protein synthesis in chondrocytes. IGF-I may be also produced locally • IGF-II stimulates tissue growth and increases organ size especially during fetal developmen ...
Functions it Regulates/Affects
Functions it Regulates/Affects

... thymi, it is reported in mice. ...
The Endocrine System
The Endocrine System

... Negative Feedback Systems • Decrease in blood levels • Receptors in hypothalamus & thyroid • Cells activated to secrete more TSH or more T3 & T4 • Blood levels increase ...
Endocrine System Endocrine Vs Nervous System
Endocrine System Endocrine Vs Nervous System

... Type II diabetes is caused by a deficiency in insulin production or by changes in insulin receptors on the target cells. In either case, blood glucose level may be high because cells do not receive the message to metabolize glucose. This form of diabetes usually becomes noticeable in middle age. It ...
adrenal medulla ingilizce3.8 MB
adrenal medulla ingilizce3.8 MB

...  The concentration of metanephrines or VMA in urine ...
Instructor`s Guide
Instructor`s Guide

... active vitamin D: Calcitriol, a form of vitamin D produced in the kidneys. It is one of three hormones that help to regulate calcium levels in the body. adrenal glands: Organs of the endocrine system located above the kidneys. The adrenal glands secrete cortisol, epinephrine, and norepinephrine. ami ...
ENDOCRINE SYSTEM
ENDOCRINE SYSTEM

... – degraded by liver (excreted in urine and feces) • half-life - time for 1/2 of hormone to be removed (from a fraction of a minute to 30 minutes) • onset - time from release to action (minutes [amino acidbased] to days [steroids]) • duration of action - how long the effects last (~20 minutes to seve ...
Lecture 1A PowerPoint
Lecture 1A PowerPoint

... (Body temperature lowers) increased body temp. (Heart rate slows)  increase heart rate (Decreased blood sugar levels)  increase BS levels (Increase in blood glucose levels)  decrease BS levels (High blood pressure)  lowers BP (Dehydration)  increased hydration ...
Hormone Balancing Series - My Health, My Happiness
Hormone Balancing Series - My Health, My Happiness

... affects the way we think, feel and look. Disruptions in hormonal health often occur from: ...
Hypopituitarism
Hypopituitarism

... s Tumors in or near the pituitary gland (which are usually benign, meaning not cancer) s Radiation treatment for a tumor, which can destroy pituitary gland tissue s Chemotherapy s Brain surgery s Traumatic brain injury, such as with a head injury from an accident ...
Lymphoma and Kidney Disease
Lymphoma and Kidney Disease

... effect of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) from the pituitary gland  Tertiary AI  results from the impaired release or effect of corticotropin releasing hormone (CRH) from the hypothalamus ...
The Hormone Connection KEY
The Hormone Connection KEY

... 5. You completed a feedback loop for the insulin-glucose connection last year. This year we will be creating a new one following a specific feedback loop format. #6 and #7 will help you review what you learned last year and #8 will have you create a feedback loop. 6. Imagine you just ate a candy bar ...
The Endocrine System - Palm Beach State College
The Endocrine System - Palm Beach State College

... • When stress continues for several months, and fat reserves are gone, homeostasis is overwhelmed – Often marked by rapid decline and death ...
endocrine system - Fullfrontalanatomy.com
endocrine system - Fullfrontalanatomy.com

...  Contains 5 different endocrine cells that make and secrete 7 different hormones ...
Levels of Adrenal Dysfunction
Levels of Adrenal Dysfunction

... pressure. It can increase cholesterol for production of the stress hormones as stated above. The stress hormones (catacholamines) are detoxified through methylation, this could decrease the methylation capacity to detoxify homocysteine. High levels of homocysteine are very toxic to the cardiovascula ...
5b Endocrine Flashcards
5b Endocrine Flashcards

... Type I (insulin dependent, develops in children) Type II (insulin resistance, develops in adults) Type I diabetes (insulin dependent, develops in children) is more serious. It is caused by destruction of pancreatic islets by autoimmune disorders. They must have insulin injections daily throughout li ...
Section 1
Section 1

... gonadal steroids and peptides that influence its activity both directly and through the hypothalamus. ...
Endocrine Glands
Endocrine Glands

... Insulin: hormone produced by the pancreas which reduces the amount of glucose (blood sugar) in the blood after a meal Glucagon: hormone produce by the pancreas which increases the amount of glucose (blood sugar) in the blood when you have gone without eating for a while Adrenaline (Epinephrine): hor ...
Ch. 45 - Ltcconline.net
Ch. 45 - Ltcconline.net

... 6. List the three major classes of molecules that function as hormones in vertebrates. 7. Name the three key events involved in signaling by vertebrate hormones. 8. Explain what changes may be triggered by a signal transduction pathway initiated by the binding of a water-soluble hormone to a recepto ...
III Semester Botany MODULE 7 ENDOCRINOLOGY
III Semester Botany MODULE 7 ENDOCRINOLOGY

... The two antagonistic hormones, insulin and glucagon, both produced by the pancreas, help maintain the normal level of glucose in the blood. Insulin is secreted when the blood glucose level is high, which usually occurs just after eating. Insulin stimulates the uptake of glucose by most body cells. ...
NeuroScience, Inc.
NeuroScience, Inc.

... Epinephrine: Important for motivation, energy & mental focus ...
Hypothyroid
Hypothyroid

... Hypothyroidism Clinical Manifestations • Weight gain • Decreased heat production • Low BMR • Cold intolerance • Lethargy • Tiredness • Constipation • Slightly lowered body temperature ...
HYPOPHYSIS (PITUITARY GLAND)
HYPOPHYSIS (PITUITARY GLAND)

... b. on fat metabolism:- it increases the oxidation of fat and decreases the catabolism of amino acid causing utilisation of amino acid in the protein synthesis. c. on carbohydrates metabolism:- it stimulates carbohydrates storage. Administration of GH produces hyper glycemia and glycosurea, GH is dia ...
Aging and the endocrine system
Aging and the endocrine system

... of growth hormone (GH) secretion and a parallel decrease in serum levels of insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1); daily GH secretion in old individuals might be only 5-10% of its secretion in young adults. This is a consequence of the aging-associated decrease in hypothalamic GH-releasing hormone (G ...
PMD 08. Endocr. physiol
PMD 08. Endocr. physiol

... posterior lobe (neurohypophysis) that maintains neural link with hypothalamus - anterior lobe secretes several tropic hormones that influence activity of other endocrine glands, also secretes growth hormone & prolactin - posterior lobe is site of secretion for neurohormones synthesized by hypothalam ...
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Hyperandrogenism

Hyperandrogenism, or androgen excess, is a medical condition characterized by excessive levels of androgens in the body and the associated effects of these excessive levels of androgens.Hyperandrogenism is one of the primary symptoms of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). In such cases, it presents with symptoms such as acne and seborrhea, is frequent in adolescent girls and is often associated with irregular menstrual cycles. In most instances, these symptoms are transient and reflect only the immaturity of the hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian axis during the first years following menarche. Approximately three-quarters of patients with PCOS (by the diagnostic criteria of NIH/NICHD 1990) have evidence of hyperandrogenism, with free testosterone being the single most predictive marker with ~60% of patients demonstrating supranormal levels.Hyperandrogenism can also be the result of excessive production of adrenal or gonadal androgens by adrenal adenomas, carcinomas, or hyperplasia, Leydig cell tumors in men, and arrhenoblastomas in women.In women, signs and symptoms of hyperandrogenism frequently include acne, scalp hair loss (androgenic alopecia), excessive facial and body hair (hirsutism), atypically high libido, breast atrophy, and others. Collectively, these symptoms are described as virilization.Management of hyperandrogenism symptoms like androgenic alopecia, include the use of antiandrogens such as cyproterone acetate, spironolactone, and flutamide.
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