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Kerala University Optoelectronics Optical Communication
Kerala University Optoelectronics Optical Communication

Laser Beams and Resonators
Laser Beams and Resonators

... Schwering [7]. The present discussion follows an analysis given in [11]. 3.1 Approximate Solution of the Wave Equation Laser beams are similar in many respects to plane waves; however, their intensity distributions are not uniform, but are concentrated near the axis of propagation and their phase fr ...
Image transmission through a stable paraxial cavity
Image transmission through a stable paraxial cavity

Document
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... The ability of a grating monochromator to collect incident radiation from the entrance slit is very important as only some of this radiation will reach the detector. The speed or f/number is a measure of the ability of the monochromator to collect incident radiation. f = F/d where; F is the focal le ...
Optical limiting in a periodic materials with relaxational nonlinearity Xue Liu,
Optical limiting in a periodic materials with relaxational nonlinearity Xue Liu,

... where the fields E f = E f ( x, z , t ) and Eb = Eb ( x, z , t ) describe the electric field envelope of the forward and backward waves in space and time. We denote by x the transverse coordinate, since we will treat only a single transverse dimension in our PBG structure; v denotes group velocity, ...
Extended depth-of-field iris recognition system for a
Extended depth-of-field iris recognition system for a

Holograms for shaping radio
Holograms for shaping radio

Numerical Analysis of Relative Phase and Amplitude at the
Numerical Analysis of Relative Phase and Amplitude at the

... – nonlinearity causes the breaking waves, and – dispersion causes spreading of the wave package. There are several types of mechanisms for generating optical solitons. The first successful experiment was a model of two-cavities laser published 1984th year. During 1987. year, Berg and Christiansen pr ...
Holography
Holography

... The technique of straightforward holography developed by Gabor places the light source and the object on the axis perpendicular to the holographic layer. Only transparent objects can be considered. If an axial point O is chosen as an object emitting a spherical wave the resulting hologram for a plan ...
Asymmetric scattering and non-orthogonal mode patterns in optical
Asymmetric scattering and non-orthogonal mode patterns in optical

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Extended Nijboer-Zernike representation of the vector field in the

... this analysis concerned the scalar diffraction integral for a (heavily) aberrated optical system. The method has been termed ’extended’ Nijboer-Zernike method because it expands aberration and pupil functions in Zernike series and produces manageable expressions for the scalar field through the focal ...
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Aperture interference and the volumetric resolution of light field

... preserving equivalent volumetric information [26]. In particular, by not limiting the sampling scheme to small, compact regions of the aperture, we conjectured that it may be possible to trade extraneous angular resolution for spatial resolution while maintaining a large axial field of view. We thus ...
Influence of polarization direction, incidence angle, and geometry on
Influence of polarization direction, incidence angle, and geometry on

... angles are (a) 90◦ , (b) 30◦ , (c) 20◦ , and (d) 10◦ . The calculation wavelengths correspond to the dipole plasmon resonances of TGNWs. For the different incidence angles, the large electrical field outside the particle is along the incident polarization direction and is only located within a few nm ...
Introduction of Minor Nonlinear Effect Strain Insensitive SMF Fitting
Introduction of Minor Nonlinear Effect Strain Insensitive SMF Fitting

... direct integration of scalar wave equation with appropriate boundary conditions. The Gaussian approximation of the fundamental mode in conventional optical fibers gives this idea to choose exact Gaussian function as an answer of wave equation in the core layer [12]. In this case the relationship bet ...
Direct measurement of terahertz wavefront pulses using 2D electro
Direct measurement of terahertz wavefront pulses using 2D electro

... plane. From this phase mapping, it is possible to calculate the surface of equi-phase, which constitutes the definition of the wavefront. To illustrate our method, we measured the optical aberrations of the THz beam presented in Fig. 1a, which is supposed to have a planar wavefront. The result is pr ...
Two-step DFT propagation - MZA Associates Corporation
Two-step DFT propagation - MZA Associates Corporation

... spacings and dimensions for the special case of propagation through vacuum or ideal dielectric media, given two limiting apertures. Next, we will present a simple step-by-step procedure to reduce any wave optics simulation problem, including propagation through optical systems and aberrating media, ...
Physics for Scientists & Engineers  2
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Biomedical Imaging and Applied Optics Laboratory

... More than 85% of all cancers originate in the epithelium that lines the internal surfaces of organs throughout the body. Before they become invasive, at stages known as dysplasia and carcinoma in situ, early cancer cells alter the epithelial-cell architecture. More specifically, the number of cells, ...
Analysis of optical interferometric displacement detection in nanoelectromechanical systems
Analysis of optical interferometric displacement detection in nanoelectromechanical systems

... that L is much greater than any length scale in the NEMS near field. We have used the definition in Eq. 共5兲 to implement a fast Fourier transform 共FFT兲 algorithm for free-space propagation. To prevent aliasing, beam propagation calculation is performed in incremental steps of ⌬L ⬇ ␭ in an iterative ...
RAYS, WAVES AND ASYMPTOTICS1 1. Introduction
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... their degenerate forms. This yields just 11 coordinate systems. If the boundary surfaces are not complete coordinate surfaces of a separable coordinate system, the methods described so far do not apply. Then in some cases eigenfunction expansions may be used, but some means must be found to construc ...
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Fourier optics

Fourier optics is the study of classical optics using Fourier transforms, in which the wave is regarded as a superposition of plane waves that are not related to any identifiable sources; instead they are the natural modes of the propagation medium itself. Fourier optics can be seen as the dual of the Huygens–Fresnel principle, in which the wave is regarded as a superposition of expanding spherical waves which radiate outward from actual (physically identifiable) current sources via a Green's function relationship (see Double-slit experiment)A curved phasefront may be synthesized from an infinite number of these ""natural modes"" i.e., from plane wave phasefronts oriented in different directions in space. Far from its sources, an expanding spherical wave is locally tangent to a planar phase front (a single plane wave out of the infinite spectrum), which is transverse to the radial direction of propagation. In this case, a Fraunhofer diffraction pattern is created, which emanates from a single spherical wave phase center. In the near field, no single well-defined spherical wave phase center exists, so the wavefront isn't locally tangent to a spherical ball. In this case, a Fresnel diffraction pattern would be created, which emanates from an extended source, consisting of a distribution of (physically identifiable) spherical wave sources in space. In the near field, a full spectrum of plane waves is necessary to represent the Fresnel near-field wave, even locally. A ""wide"" wave moving forward (like an expanding ocean wave coming toward the shore) can be regarded as an infinite number of ""plane wave modes"", all of which could (when they collide with something in the way) scatter independently of one other. These mathematical simplifications and calculations are the realm of Fourier analysis and synthesis – together, they can describe what happens when light passes through various slits, lenses or mirrors curved one way or the other, or is fully or partially reflected. Fourier optics forms much of the theory behind image processing techniques, as well as finding applications where information needs to be extracted from optical sources such as in quantum optics. To put it in a slightly more complex way, similar to the concept of frequency and time used in traditional Fourier transform theory, Fourier optics makes use of the spatial frequency domain (kx, ky) as the conjugate of the spatial (x,y) domain. Terms and concepts such as transform theory, spectrum, bandwidth, window functions and sampling from one-dimensional signal processing are commonly used.
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