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Generalized Polarization Ray Tracing using a Monte
Generalized Polarization Ray Tracing using a Monte

... Here ~a is an unit vector of direction of oscillation, ω is s frequency of light and φ is a phase shift of light wave. For simplicity, we look at the filed at z = 0. Note that the amplitude of light is A = k~E(t)k. The energy (or intensity) of light I is A2 , which is used in conventional ray tracin ...
Course: Physics 1 Module 3: Optics and Wave Phenomena
Course: Physics 1 Module 3: Optics and Wave Phenomena

... 5) Spherical and plane waves • If a small spherical body, considered as a point, oscillates so that its radius varies sinusoidally with time, a spherical wave is produced, as shown in Figure 26. The wave moves outward from the source in all directions, at a constant speed if the medium is uniform. ...
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... High-resolution pixilated phase-only liquid crystal spatial light modulators (LC SLMs) capable of performing the Fourierdomain filtering are currently available from several commercial vendors. To determine which SLM pixels to phase shift, an additional optical system should be included that images ...
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... In Chap. 2 we discussed the image-forming characteristics of optical systems, but we limited our consideration to an infinitesimal threadlike region about the optical axis called the paraxial region. In this chapter we will consider, in general terms, the behavior of lenses with finite apertures and ...
Noise propagation in wave-front sensing with
Noise propagation in wave-front sensing with

... polynomial. These results are confirmed with both numerical and experimental validations. The influence of the spectral bandwidth on the phase estimator is also studied with simulations. © 1999 Optical Society of America OCIS codes: 010.1080, 010.7350, 100.5070, 100.3190, 100.3020, 120.5050. ...
Theory of the transmission properties of an optical far-field superlens
Theory of the transmission properties of an optical far-field superlens

... perlens. Waves radiated by an object are transmitted through the grating in several orders of diffraction, following the grating law k⬘ = k + ⌳p, where k⬘ and k are the transmitted and incident transverse wavenumbers, respectively; ⌳ = 2␲ / d is the grating wavenumber, where d is the periodicity; an ...
characterization of nondiffracting bessel beams in the propagation
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... [7] and free-space optical communications [8]. For these applications, the useful part of the Bessel beams is often limited to their near field. As a matter of fact, the central lobe persists as long as there are off-axis lobes to replenish its diffraction losses and prevent it from spreading [9, 10 ...
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Exact Traveling Wave Solutions of Some Nonlinear Equations Using

... obtained by using tanh-method in [35]. Similarly by selecting different choices of c1 and c2 , one can get other forms of exact solutions of the NLS equation with cubic nonlinearity. ...
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Sample pages 1 PDF

... will be dispersed more by BaK4 glass than by BK7 glass. At the magnification in most binoculars, you are unlikely to be able to detect this in use, but it is one of the reasons that BK7 prisms may be a preferable prism material for specialist highpower binoculars. It is important to recognize that t ...
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Calculation of vectorial three-dimensional transfer

... the correlation can be written as a single line integral along the circular intersection of the two spheres. Frieden used this method to derive the OTF in the paraxial approximation, where the spheres are replaced by parabolic surfaces.3 For high-angle focusing systems this approach was used success ...
Microscopes - Photonics Research Group
Microscopes - Photonics Research Group

... in the image plane. The sum of the two diffraction images, assuming the two points of light were mutually incoherent, appears as in Fig. 7a . As d becomes smaller so that the first minimum of one diffraction image overlaps with the central maximum of the neighboring diffraction image (d 5 rAiry, Fig ...
Mode structure and ray dynamics of a parabolic dome microcavity
Mode structure and ray dynamics of a parabolic dome microcavity

... is expected to lead to an improvement of their energy efficiency and to a lowering of the lasing threshold. This tendency towards miniaturization has led to the exploration of optical microcavities whose dimensions are of the order of a few wavelengths [1]. In such microcavities the extreme confinem ...
An analogy strategy for transformation optics Yao Chen Liu
An analogy strategy for transformation optics Yao Chen Liu

... Transformation optics has aroused interest from a wide spectrum of scientific communities [1–10]. The term was coined based on the fact that Maxwell’s equations are form-invariant under coordinate transformations [2], meaning electromagnetic waves in one coordinate system can be mapped into another o ...
How to excite a rogue wave
How to excite a rogue wave

... modulation is smaller, then the maxima of the ABs are further away in the x direction. Naturally, in order to create ABs that propagate at a nonzero angle to the line t = 0, we should choose the two sidebands with a certain asymmetry. When one of the sidebands is stronger than the other one, the AB ...
jnr1de7.pdf
jnr1de7.pdf

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Fourier optics

Fourier optics is the study of classical optics using Fourier transforms, in which the wave is regarded as a superposition of plane waves that are not related to any identifiable sources; instead they are the natural modes of the propagation medium itself. Fourier optics can be seen as the dual of the Huygens–Fresnel principle, in which the wave is regarded as a superposition of expanding spherical waves which radiate outward from actual (physically identifiable) current sources via a Green's function relationship (see Double-slit experiment)A curved phasefront may be synthesized from an infinite number of these ""natural modes"" i.e., from plane wave phasefronts oriented in different directions in space. Far from its sources, an expanding spherical wave is locally tangent to a planar phase front (a single plane wave out of the infinite spectrum), which is transverse to the radial direction of propagation. In this case, a Fraunhofer diffraction pattern is created, which emanates from a single spherical wave phase center. In the near field, no single well-defined spherical wave phase center exists, so the wavefront isn't locally tangent to a spherical ball. In this case, a Fresnel diffraction pattern would be created, which emanates from an extended source, consisting of a distribution of (physically identifiable) spherical wave sources in space. In the near field, a full spectrum of plane waves is necessary to represent the Fresnel near-field wave, even locally. A ""wide"" wave moving forward (like an expanding ocean wave coming toward the shore) can be regarded as an infinite number of ""plane wave modes"", all of which could (when they collide with something in the way) scatter independently of one other. These mathematical simplifications and calculations are the realm of Fourier analysis and synthesis – together, they can describe what happens when light passes through various slits, lenses or mirrors curved one way or the other, or is fully or partially reflected. Fourier optics forms much of the theory behind image processing techniques, as well as finding applications where information needs to be extracted from optical sources such as in quantum optics. To put it in a slightly more complex way, similar to the concept of frequency and time used in traditional Fourier transform theory, Fourier optics makes use of the spatial frequency domain (kx, ky) as the conjugate of the spatial (x,y) domain. Terms and concepts such as transform theory, spectrum, bandwidth, window functions and sampling from one-dimensional signal processing are commonly used.
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