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Nelson – pedi cardiology MURMURS ONLY
Nelson – pedi cardiology MURMURS ONLY

... – Symptoms (e.g. syncope, chest pain) – Abnormal EKG / CXR – Syndromes, dysmorphism, other birth defects (e.g. CHARGE syndrome, DiGeorge, trisomy ...
Three-dimensional and molecular analysis of the developing human
Three-dimensional and molecular analysis of the developing human

... First we analyzed the formation and growth of the primary heart tube in one stage 9, four stage 10 and three stage 11 embryos, which correspond to approximately 20-25 days of human development, and embryonic days (E) 8.0 through 9.0 in the mouse. Figure 1 shows a 3D overview of the formation and loo ...
Crayfish Heart
Crayfish Heart

... Vertebrate hearts are myogenic; each muscle cell has intrinsic pacemaker properties. Each cell will beat in the absence of any neural input. The cells throughout the heart beat in a coordinated fashion because they are electrically coupled and beat at the same rate as the pacemaker cells in the sino ...
- UEA Digital Repository
- UEA Digital Repository

... a middle-aged general population.[6] One possible explanation for the difference in the findings is that for this study there was a much higher event rate compared to the average among the studies (mortality 56% vs 38%, heart failure 16% vs 14%, atrial fibrillation 15% vs 4%). This study made an int ...
Pericardium - mStudyGroup.com
Pericardium - mStudyGroup.com

... and vagus nerves. ...
Atrial Fibrillation - St. Joseph`s Healthcare Hamilton
Atrial Fibrillation - St. Joseph`s Healthcare Hamilton

... treatment for certain people. __________________________________________________________________________________ ...
FAQ-Organdonation-August2010
FAQ-Organdonation-August2010

... Answer: Bone tissue transplants are the second most common transplant performed on patients, second only to blood transfusions. Question: In which cases are bone transplants done? Answer: Bone transplants are commonly used in the orthopedic, reconstructive, dental, neurosurgical, and plastic surgery ...
Print - Circulation
Print - Circulation

... this rotation takes place lies where the interventricular canal opens into the common chamber distal to the right ventricle, the bulbus cordis, as can be seen fronm figure 1. Doerr7 has described other torsional coniponents of this rotation in greater detail. All shape changes in the heart must be d ...
IOSR Journal of Dental and Medical Sciences (IOSR-JDMS)
IOSR Journal of Dental and Medical Sciences (IOSR-JDMS)

... of blood. These openings are guarded by valves for the purpose of scheduled and controlled flow of blood. The periphery to which the valves are attached is termed as the annulus. Atrioventricular valves are two in number namely tricuspid and mitral (bicuspid), named based on the number of cusps and ...
Reactive And Enteropathic Arthritis
Reactive And Enteropathic Arthritis

... pattern may be additive. Hip disease is uncommon and exclusively upper extremity involvement is extremely rare. The joints are typically warm, swollen, and tender, and can mimic a septic arthritis, reminding that aspiration of synovial fluid and cultures are mandatory when assessing such patients. A ...
Adult Heart Murmurs
Adult Heart Murmurs

... immediate echocardiography? A. Systolic murmur with new chest pain and dyspnea B. Asymptomatic patient with a 2/6 systolic murmur C. Asymptomatic patient with a 4/6 systolic murmur D. Asymptomatic patient with a 2/6 systolic murmur and decreased ...
Immunopathogenesis of chronic periapical
Immunopathogenesis of chronic periapical

... components (C 1, C4, C2) and need not involve antibodies. The antigen acts on noncomplement proteins, commonly called properdin, and forms C3 activator, which in turn can activate the late complement components, C3 to C9 (Fig. 2). lMMUNOLOGlC ...
more information - NutriMedical.com
more information - NutriMedical.com

... ruled out and should be carefully explored during the development of new candidate vaccines.(1) We suggest that a potential link between vaccines and autoimmune diseases cannot be definitely ruled out and should be carefully explored during the development of new candidate vaccines.(19) In healthy p ...
Coronary artery disease as the cause of incident heart failure in the
Coronary artery disease as the cause of incident heart failure in the

... based on all the non-invasive and invasive data available and is shown in Fig. 3. The information used to assign coronary artery disease as the aetiology in patients with single-vessel disease, in whom the assessment of coronary artery disease as the aetiology of heart failure might be most difficult, ...
Hypersensitivity Reactions and Methods of Detection
Hypersensitivity Reactions and Methods of Detection

... Rajan, T. V. (2003). The Gell-Coombs classification of hypersensitivity reactions: a re-interpretation. ...
Two models of multiple sclerosis: Experimental allergic
Two models of multiple sclerosis: Experimental allergic

... consist of inflammatory demyelination. l n both models there is a genetic influence on susceptibilityhesistance to the development of disease. This has been thoroughly studied in TMEV infection, and it has been found to depend on both major histocompatibility complex (MHC) and non-MHC genes. At leas ...
Patients` drawings illustrate psychological and functional status in
Patients` drawings illustrate psychological and functional status in

... Recent research with patients who had experienced a myocardial infarction used patients’ drawings of their heart as an alternative measure of illness perceptions [20,21]. These studies have shown that damage illustrated on heart drawings predicts poorer functional status and negative illness beliefs ...
Inflammatory Cardiovascular Diseases Pericarditis
Inflammatory Cardiovascular Diseases Pericarditis

... ◦ 2 positive cultures over 12 hours apart ◦ 3 positive cultures ◦ A majority of 4 or more cultures greater than one hour apart ◦ Negative cultures ...
Autoimmune disorders
Autoimmune disorders

... abnormal immune response in which the immune ­system attacks its own cells, tissues, and/or organs, ­leading to the development of disorders within the body. Autoimmune disorders vary greatly in severity and symptoms, depending on what part of the body is ­targeted. Therefore, these conditions creat ...
TETANUS WHEN WAS YOUR LAST TETANUS SHOT? Fish farm
TETANUS WHEN WAS YOUR LAST TETANUS SHOT? Fish farm

... danger is infection, particularly from the dead fish’s spine. One possible infection is tetanus. Tetanus is a disease caused by a bacterium known as Clostridium tetani. Tetanus bacteria are found in soil, dust, and in animal wastes. Tetanus is contracted through a cut or wound that becomes contamina ...
Morphological aspects of atrioventricular valves in the ostrich
Morphological aspects of atrioventricular valves in the ostrich

... tendineae. One of the cusps is attached to the septum, while the other two cusps are attached to the opposite wall. The aortic valve, as well as the pulmonary trunk valve, consists of three cusps. The right atrioventricular valve showed up only as a muscle flap of myocardium coated with a thin layer ...
Clinical Diagnosis of Heart Failure
Clinical Diagnosis of Heart Failure

... heart failure is preferred over the older term congestive heart failure because not all patients with heart failure have volume overload. Heart failure results from multiple causes, including coronary artery disease, hypertension, valvular heart disease, and idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy. The ca ...
I. Misuse of Antibiotics
I. Misuse of Antibiotics

... 2) Antibiotic resistant-infections can be spread from people or objects that are contaminated with resistant bacteria. These bacteria can enter your body when you touch these objects and then touch your mouth or nose or eat food with contaminated hands. The best way to prevent spreading any germs is ...
Staining whole mounts of the diaphragm muscle
Staining whole mounts of the diaphragm muscle

... 3. Construct a vaseline chamber around individual muscles (to minimize the volume of antibodies used in subsequent steps). Wash for 5 min in PBS. Check to insure that the vaseline chamber does not leak; repair, if necessary. 4. Permeabilize and block for 1 hr in 0.5% Triton X-100 in PBS (PBT), conta ...
Disease transmission
Disease transmission

... male ticks produce a pheromone during feeding that attracts nymphs and adult Amblyomma ticks to the same animal and to area where the male tick is feeding. As a consequence, clustering occurs on some animals, a phenomenon which is often observed. It is important to notice that during the process of ...
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Rheumatic fever



Rheumatic fever, also known as acute rheumatic fever (ARF), is an inflammatory disease that can involve the heart, joints, skin, and brain. The disease typically develops two to four weeks after a throat infection. Signs and symptoms include fever, multiple painful joints, involuntary muscle movements, and a characteristic but uncommon non itchy rash known as erythema marginatum. The heart is involved in about half of cases. Permanent damage to the heart valves, known as rheumatic heart disease (RHD), usually only occurs after multiple attacks but may occasionally occur after a single case of ARF. The damaged valves may result in heart failure. The abnormal valves also increase the risk of the person developing atrial fibrillation and infection of the valves.Acute rheumatic fever may occur following an infection of the throat by the bacteria Streptococcus pyogenes. If it is untreated ARF occurs in up to three percent of people. The underlying mechanism is believed to involve the production of antibodies against a person's own tissues. Some people due to their genetics are more likely to get the disease when exposed to the bacteria than others. Other risk factors include malnutrition and poverty. Diagnosis of ARF is often based on the presence of signs and symptoms in combination with evidence of a recent streptococcal infection.Treating people who have strep throat with antibiotics, such as penicillin, decreases their risk of getting ARF. This often involves testing people with sore throats for the infection, which may not be available in the developing world. Other preventative measures include improved sanitation. In those with ARF and RHD prolonged periods of antibiotics are sometimes recommended. Gradual return to normal activities may occur following an attack. Once RHD develops, treatment is more difficult. Occasionally valve replacement surgery or repair is required. Otherwise complications are treated as per normal.Acute rheumatic fever occurs in about 325,000 children each year and about 18 million people currently have rheumatic heart disease. Those who get ARF are most often between the ages of 5 and 14, with 20% of first-time attacks occurring in adults. The disease is most common in the developing world and among indigenous peoples in the developed world. In 2013 it resulted in 275,000 deaths down from 374,000 deaths in 1990. Most deaths occur in the developing world where as many as 12.5% of people affected may die each year. Descriptions of the condition are believed to date back to at least the 5th century BCE in the writings of Hippocrates. The disease is so named because its symptoms are similar to those of some rheumatic disorders.
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