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7th grade Ch. 5 section 2 and 3 Notes
7th grade Ch. 5 section 2 and 3 Notes

... have similar characteristics. (usually very similar) • Hybridization: cross 2 genetically different individuals. ...
Study Guide Foldable .Answer Key
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... carried from parents to offspring on chromosomes ...
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... approx. 80 nucleotides in length.  Cross-like shape  At one end there is an anticodon  At other end an amino acid is attached ...
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...  The dark moth population increased due to a mutation  These moths had a selective advantage in industrial areas and avoided predation  The proportion of dark moths gradually increased as they were able to pass on the selective advantage to their offspring ...
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Genetics 101 - hrsbstaff.ednet.ns.ca
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... In an inversion mutation, an entire section of DNA is reversed. A small inversion may involve only a few bases within a gene, while longer inversions involve large regions of a chromosome containing several genes. Original Insertion ...
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... 1. Gene Mutations -- error during one of the processes that involves basepairing of nucleic acids (eg. DNA replication, transcription, translation), or, error perpetuated by base-pairing process. *focus of Bio 12 2. Chromosomal Mutations -- where an entire chromosome is affected. eg. Trisomy 21 (3 c ...
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Mutation



In biology, a mutation is a permanent change of the nucleotide sequence of the genome of an organism, virus, or extrachromosomal DNA or other genetic elements. Mutations result from damage to DNA which is not repaired or to RNA genomes (typically caused by radiation or chemical mutagens), errors in the process of replication, or from the insertion or deletion of segments of DNA by mobile genetic elements. Mutations may or may not produce discernible changes in the observable characteristics (phenotype) of an organism. Mutations play a part in both normal and abnormal biological processes including: evolution, cancer, and the development of the immune system, including junctional diversity.Mutation can result in several different types of change in sequences. Mutations in genes can either have no effect, alter the product of a gene, or prevent the gene from functioning properly or completely. Mutations can also occur in nongenic regions. One study on genetic variations between different species of Drosophila suggests that, if a mutation changes a protein produced by a gene, the result is likely to be harmful, with an estimated 70 percent of amino acid polymorphisms that have damaging effects, and the remainder being either neutral or weakly beneficial. Due to the damaging effects that mutations can have on genes, organisms have mechanisms such as DNA repair to prevent or correct mutations by reverting the mutated sequence back to its original state.
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