THE BASIC PRINCIPLES OF CLASSICAL ELECTRODYNAMICS
... We heard before, that Classical and Quantum Principles are not compatible and therefore it is forbidden to apply Classical Principles in the micro universe, which is a real estate of Quantum Principles. But if we take a look at the history of theoretical physics – we will find the attempts to apply ...
... We heard before, that Classical and Quantum Principles are not compatible and therefore it is forbidden to apply Classical Principles in the micro universe, which is a real estate of Quantum Principles. But if we take a look at the history of theoretical physics – we will find the attempts to apply ...
gg higgs - University of Southampton
... a bubble chamber due to cosmic rays of an electron but with 200 times more mass… To this day the muon interacts exactly like an electron only differing in its mass…. ...
... a bubble chamber due to cosmic rays of an electron but with 200 times more mass… To this day the muon interacts exactly like an electron only differing in its mass…. ...
Chapter 9: Electrons in Atoms
... discrete set of allowed orbits, is called angular momentum (mvr). The allowed electron orbits is determined by an additional quantum condition imposed on the electron’s orbital angular momentum. Its possible value are nh/2p. n=1 first orbit, n=2 second orbit… mvr = nh/2p. n=1,2,3…. ∟ quantum numbers ...
... discrete set of allowed orbits, is called angular momentum (mvr). The allowed electron orbits is determined by an additional quantum condition imposed on the electron’s orbital angular momentum. Its possible value are nh/2p. n=1 first orbit, n=2 second orbit… mvr = nh/2p. n=1,2,3…. ∟ quantum numbers ...
Lecture 2: Atomic structure in external fields. The Zeeman effect.
... If an external magnetic field B is applied to an atom — which we shall without loss of generality take to be in the z-direction, B = Bz ẑ — then it becomes favourable for the atoms’ own magnetic moments to align with the applied field. The shifts in the energies of different magnetic moment configu ...
... If an external magnetic field B is applied to an atom — which we shall without loss of generality take to be in the z-direction, B = Bz ẑ — then it becomes favourable for the atoms’ own magnetic moments to align with the applied field. The shifts in the energies of different magnetic moment configu ...
Renormalization
In quantum field theory, the statistical mechanics of fields, and the theory of self-similar geometric structures, renormalization is any of a collection of techniques used to treat infinities arising in calculated quantities.Renormalization specifies relationships between parameters in the theory when the parameters describing large distance scales differ from the parameters describing small distances. Physically, the pileup of contributions from an infinity of scales involved in a problem may then result in infinities. When describing space and time as a continuum, certain statistical and quantum mechanical constructions are ill defined. To define them, this continuum limit, the removal of the ""construction scaffolding"" of lattices at various scales, has to be taken carefully, as detailed below.Renormalization was first developed in quantum electrodynamics (QED) to make sense of infinite integrals in perturbation theory. Initially viewed as a suspect provisional procedure even by some of its originators, renormalization eventually was embraced as an important and self-consistent actual mechanism of scale physics in several fields of physics and mathematics. Today, the point of view has shifted: on the basis of the breakthrough renormalization group insights of Kenneth Wilson, the focus is on variation of physical quantities across contiguous scales, while distant scales are related to each other through ""effective"" descriptions. All scales are linked in a broadly systematic way, and the actual physics pertinent to each is extracted with the suitable specific computational techniques appropriate for each.