Download Investigating an Ecosystem

Biotechnology
NBHS Standard Grade Biology
Study Guide
Living Factories
The General Level work you have done in this subtopic should enable you to:

know which group of organisms yeast belongs to

describe how yeast is important in the brewing and winemaking
industries

describe how yeast is important in making bread

write a word equation for the fermentation of glucose by yeast

know two products which are made by the activity of bacteria in milk

know what makes milk go sour
The Credit Level work you have done in this subtopic should enable you to:

describe the process of anaerobic respiration

describe the differences between anaerobic and aerobic respiration,
including the difference in energy release

describe how brewers make sure that yeast has ideal conditions for
growth

explain what is meant by batch processing

describe what happens to barley during malting and why this is important
in brewing

describe the chemical changes which happen in milk when bacteria
make it go sour
NBHS Standard Grade Biology
Study Guide
Problems and Profit with Waste
The General Level work you have done in this subtopic should enable you to:

explain the change in oxygen levels which happens when water is
polluted by sewage

describe the main stages in sewage treatment

describe how the oxygen needed by microorganisms is provided during
sewage treatment

give examples of useful products made by microorganisms from waste
substances

explain the importance of turning waste substances into useful products
by using microorganisms

know two fermentation products which can be used as fuels, and explain
the advantage of these fuels over fossil fuels

know that microorganisms can be grown to provide protein – rich food for
humans and animals

know that microorganisms reproduce rapidly by asexual means

describe precautions taken in laboratory work with microorganisms and
explain why they are important
The Credit Level work you have done in this subtopic should enable you to:

explain why precautions are taken in manufacturing processes to deal
with bacterial and fungal spores

know that microorganisms cause decay and get energy from the
substances they break down

describe the nitrogen cycle and the carbon cycle and the part played by
bacteria in these cycles

explain why complete breakdown of sewage needs aerobic conditions

explain why complete breakdown of sewage needs a range of
microorganisms

know how turning waste into useful products affects its energy or protein
content
NBHS Standard Grade Biology
Study Guide
Reprogramming Microbes
The General Level work you have done in this subtopic should enable you to:

describe the appearance of the chromosome material in a bacterial cell

know why pieces of chromosome from other organisms are transferred
into bacteria

know that this is called genetic engineering

give some examples of products made by genetic engineering and their
uses

know that biological detergents contain enzymes made by bacteria and
what these enzymes do

know what type of organisms produce antibiotics and what antibiotics do
The Credit Level work you have done in this subtopic should enable you to:

know what a plasmid is

describe how plasmids are used in genetic engineering

explain some advantages of changing organisms by genetic engineering
over traditional breeding methods

describe the advantages of producing a substance like insulin by genetic
engineering rather than by traditional methods

explain the advantages of using biological detergents

explain why a large range of antibiotics is needed to treat bacterial
diseases

describe what happens when an enzyme or a microorganism is
immobilised

describe what happens in continuous flow processing

explain the advantage of continuous flow over batch processing
NBHS Standard Grade Biology
Study Guide