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2. Uplift of Tibetan Plateau and Chinese Climate Difference
2.1 Circumfluence System Structure
2.2 The Impact of Uplift of Tibetan Plateau on Atmosphere
Circumfluence
2.3 The Impact of Uplift of Tibetan Plateau on Three Climatic Zones
Difference
2.4 Chinese Climatic Zones——Hydro – thermal Structure
2.1 Circumfluence System Pattern
(1) Cognition Process of Circumfluence System Pattern
Cognition Process ：simple→complex
globality→regional influence of Tibetan Plateau
North Frigid Zone
North Temperate Zone
(1) Planetary Wind Belt
Polar Easterly Wind
Subpolar Low
Prevailing Wind
Subtropical High
(2) Astronomic Climatic Zones
North Frigid Zone
North Temperate Zone
Northeast Trades
Equatorial Depression
Tropic Zone
Southeast Trades
Subtropical High
Tropic Zone
Prevailing Wind
Subtropical Low
South Temperate Zone
Polar Easterly Wind
Polar High
South Frigid Zone
(1) Astronomic Climatic Zones ：
Tropic Zone—Temperate
Zone—
Frigid Zone
South Temperate Zone
South Frigid Zone
(2) Planetary Wind Belt:controlled by west
wind circumfluence
rudiment of southwest monsoon
(1) Astronomic Climatic Zones
(2) Planetary Wind Belt
North Frigid Zone
Polar Easterly Wind
Subpolar Low
Prevailing Wind
Subtropical High
North Temperate Zone
Northeast Trades
Equatorial Depression
Tropic Zone
Southeast Trades
Subtropical High
Prevailing Wind
Subtropical Low
South Temperate Zone
Polar Easterly Wind
Polar High
South Frigid Zone
Hydro – thermal Source
(3) Centre of Atmosphere
Movement
marine-terrestrial monsoon
rudiment of East Asia ,
Monsoon
(3)Marine-terrestrial Comparsion
(4) Plateau Monsoon
near ground Circumfluence →modern
times monsoon (East Asia Monsoon)
(2) Circumfluence Pattern
• Near Ground Prominent Monsoon
Circumfluence
Winter
Summer
West Wind Circumfluence
Altitude
• High Altitude（5000m）
Winter controlled by West
Monsoon Circumfluence
Summer North： Westerlies
Middle ： Subtropical
High
South:Equatorial
Depression
2.2 The Impact of Uplift of Tibetan Plateau on Atmosphere Circumfluence
(1) Spatial Characters of Tibetan Plateau（3000 m critical altitude）
Uplift of Tibetan Plateau –Spatial Characters
Large Area: East-West 3000 km,South-North 1500 km, accounting for ¼ of land area of China,
The width of South-North accounting for 1/3 of Westerlies.
High Altitude: Average 4500m, accounting for 1/3 Troposphere .
Mid-low Latitude:25ºN-40ºN, on the transition area of Westerlies and Subtropical High.
Tropopause
Altitude 4500m
(2) Dynamical Function of Tibetan Plateau
Strengthen
Dry and Warm
Embranchment Function ：
Westerlies branches at winter half year
Embranchment of winter wind
Strengthen
Strengthen
Accumulation of cold air
Block
maintains
subsidence airflow dry and cold.
Block off
Block off
Western weather
system weaken
Block off
Off Function：
Block off northward of Indian
Ocean hydrosphere
Northwest stretches,
Block off
Precipitation increases on
Precipitation increases on Plateau brim
Plateau brim
More wet on the wind sweep
More dry on the plateau.
(3) Caloric Function of Tibetan Plateau
Prevailing Wind Direction
Opposition
Plateau
Monsoon
Dry and warm
Flying to the inland
East Asia
Monsoon
Subsidence airflow
more dry and warm
Winter Monsoon
Influence increases
2.3 The Impact of Uplift of Tibetan Plateau on Three Climatic Zones Difference
Three Natural Belts Evolvement Tendency of China
Evolvement Tendency
Typical Eastern
Monsoon Region
Drought
Western
Region
Original Background
Land Sea Monsoon, Humid
Influence
1.Winter monsoon direction expands towards south-force increasing
2.Plateau monsoon extends Land sea monsoon intension-large annual
temperature differences,rainfall concentrated in summer
3.Construction and fadeaway control monsoon advance and retreat
4.Comparing with other regions of same latitude,
temperature belts in monsoon region move to south
1.Quicken accumulation and subsidence of cold air
2.Blocking Indian Ocean water vapor,
Inland,Arid,Sparse Grassland, disturbing Pacific Ocean water vapor westward
Grassland Desert
3.Plateau monsoon intensify subsidence of aircurrent in winter
and vaporization in summer
4.Intensify drought extent,expand arrange
Altitude of Plateau Surface
<2000m,
Drought and Cold
Subtropical Forest
Tibetan Plateau
Grassland,
Grassland Climate
1.Plateau block Indian Ocean water vapor,Pacific water vapor,
becoming drought inside
2.Decreasing temperature in plateau,turning cold
3. Thermal action,forming plateau monsoon
2.4 Chinese Climatic Zones——Hydro – thermal Structure
(1) Quantity of Heat Belt
Annual Average Temperature of China(°c)
Annual Temperature Range
Annual Average Temperature of China
Quantity of Heat Belt of China
≥10℃ accumulated temperature division：Cool Temperate Zone,Temperate Zone, Warm Temperate Zone,Subtropical Zone,Torrid
Zone
Plateau Temperate Zone, Plateau Cool Temperate Zone,Plateau Frigid Zone
Outlet of grain problems：advance multiple cropping index，where is the most potential area？
Monsoon and Precipitation Belt
Winter Wind and Precipitation Belt
Main Air Masses：
Pc Polar Region Continental Air Mass（Dry and Cold，Move to Becoming Winter Wind ）
Denaturalization Pc
Tc Tropic Continental Air Mass
Precipitation Belt：
Cold Wave Cold Front (Pc/ Denaturalization Pc)
Kunming Quasi-stationary Front（ Denaturalization Pc/Tc）
South China Quasi-stationary Front （ Between Denaturalization Pc）
Monsoon and Precipitation Belt
Summer Wind and Precipitation Belt
Main Air Mass: Tm Tropic Ocean(Move to Southeast Monsoon )
Em Equator Ocean（Move to Southwest Monsoon ）
Denaturalization Pc
Precipitation Belt ：Climate Front (Tm/ Denaturalization Pc) March with Winter Monsoon
Equatorial Front (Tm/Em ) Interface of Southeast Monsoon and
Southwest Monsoon
Cold-front Cyclone（Typhoon is the Main Precipitation Airflow）
Annual Average Precipitation
To Kexun
Average of the Whole Country：629mm
Taking drought axis as center
to southeast 50-4000mm（80 times）
to northwest 50-400mm（8 times）
Three Important Isolines：800mm
400mm
250mm
Huo Shaoliao
Annual precipitation of China
J.Y. LIU, D.F. ZHUANG, D. LUO, X. XIAO; Land-cover classification of China: integrated analysis of AVHRR imagery
and geophysical data; INT. J. REMOTE SENSING, 2003, 24(12):2485-2500
Moisture Regime of China
Key Words：
Hydrosphere Route Way
Drought Axis
The Tail-end of Monsoon Drought Axis
Desiccation Degree：
>1Wetness
1-1.5 Half Wetness
1.5-2Half Aridity
>2 Aridity
Landscape and Agriculture
Dividing line of desert and sandy land
1. Dividing line of
forest and grassland
2. Dividing line of
north and south
3. Dividing line of
paddy land and glebe
Aridity Index
(Annual Rainfall)
(2) Climatic Zones Difference
Hydro – thermal Structure
A
A B
China Heat Belt
Dividing line of desert and sandy land
Drought Axis
1. Dividing line of
forest and grassland
2. Dividing line of
north and south
3. Dividing line of
paddy land and glebe
Aridity Index
(Annual Rainfall)
Regional Location of China
MidLatitude
Marine-Terrestrial
Three
Geotectonic
Zones
Drought (Inland)
Monsoon(Eastern)
Sea Area
The Monsoon Region
of East China
LagoonmarineContinental
Transition Delta
Coastal Area
Latitude Seabed
Tibetan Plateau
Northwest Arid
Region of China
The Cold Regions of
the Tibetan Plateau
Drought-Wet
Transition
Warm-Wet
Cold-Wet
Transition
Northern
Transition
Region
Southwest
Transition
Region
Latitude Belts
Longitude Belts
Warm-Dry
Cold-Dry
Transition
Northwest
Transition
Region
Three Dimensional
Belts
Model of Climatic Zones Differentia of China
B
01中国地理·第二章
-
Look at China from Outer Space Exercitation on Reading Remote Sensing Image
Tibetan Region：
Mid-Western Region ：Shaanxi,Gansu,Ningxia, Inner-Mongolia（Midwest）
1）LUCC of different relief units
Content：
2）Change of natural belts
3）Difference between dene,desert and Gobi
1）Change from
4）Corresponding relationship of ice cover and oasis
plateau brim to
5）Change of water
inner land cover
6）Characters and relation of loess Plateau and inner-mongolia Plateau
western
Region
2）Kop glacier and
plateau lake groups
and their change
3）Characters of
Qaidam Basin
4） Land cover of
river fountain
region
5）Contrast of 4
plateaus of China
01中国地理·第二章
North Region ：
Heilongjiang,Jilin,Liaoning, Inner-Mongolia
（Mideast),Shanxi,Hebei,Shandong and Henan
Content ：1） LUCC of different relief units
2） Change of water
3）Characters and difference of Northeast Plain and Northern China Plain
4） Degradation of grassland,wind erosion and water and soil soil and water erosion
North
Region
5） Forest cover characters of northeast forest region
South Region ：
Shanghai,Jiangsu,Zhejiang,Fujian,Hunan,Hubei,Jiangxi,Anhui,Sichuan,Chengd
u,Yunnan,Guizhou,Guangzhou,Guangdong and Hainan
Content ：1） LUCC of different relief units
2）Land use and soil and water erosion of mountainous region and knap
3）Characters of plain,delta and basin
4）East-west difference of Yun-Gui Plaetau
5）Forest cover characters of southwest forest region
South
Region