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Chapter 7
The Internet, Intranets, and Extranets
◦ Briefly describe how the Internet works, including
alternatives for connecting to it and the role of
Internet service providers
◦ Describe the World Wide Web and how it works
◦ Explain the use of Web browsers, search engines,
and other Web tools
◦ Identify and briefly describe the applications
associated with the Internet and the Web
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◦ Identify who is using the Web to conduct business
and discuss some of the pros and cons of Web
commerce
◦ Outline a process for creating Web content
◦ Describe Java and discuss its potential impact on
the software world
◦ Define the terms intranet and extranet and discuss
how organizations are using them
◦ Identify several issues associated with the use of
networks
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ARPANET
◦ Ancestor of the Internet
◦ Project started by the U.S. Department of Defense
(DoD) in 1969
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Transmission Control Protocol (TCP)
◦ Transport-layer protocol that most Internet
applications use with IP
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Backbone
◦ One of the Internet’s high-speed, long-distance
communications links
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Uniform Resource Locator (URL)
◦ An assigned address on the Internet for each
computer
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Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and
Numbers (ICANN)
◦ Responsible for managing IP addresses and Internet
domain names
◦ Has authority to resolve domain name disputes
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Cyber-squatters
◦ Register domain names in the hope of selling them
to corporations or people
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Accessing the Internet
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Connect
Connect
Connect
Connect
via LAN Server
via Dial-up
via High-Speed Service
Wirelessly
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How the Internet Works (continued)
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Any company that provides individuals or
organizations with access to the Internet
Most charge a monthly fee
You get:
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Access to the Internet
Email account
Storage space
Other
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Collection of tens of millions of server
computers that work together as one in an
Internet
Hyperlink
◦ Highlighted text or graphics in a Web document
that, when clicked, opens a new Web page
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Web browser
◦ Web client software such as Internet Explorer,
Firefox, and Safari used to view Web pages
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The World Wide Web (continued)
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Hypertext Markup Language (HTML)
◦ Standard page description language for Web pages
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HTML tags
◦ Let the browser know how to format text
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Extensible Markup Language (XML)
◦ Markup language for Web documents containing
structured information
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Cascading Style Sheet (CSS)
◦ File or portion of an HTML file that defines the
visual appearance of content in a Web page
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Web 2.0
◦ The Web as a computing platform that supports
software applications and the sharing of
information
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Rich Internet application
◦ Software that has the functionality and complexity
of traditional application software, but runs in a
Web browser and does not require local installation
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Java
◦ Object-oriented programming language from Sun
Microsystems based on C++
◦ Allows small programs (applets) to be embedded
within an HTML document
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Other languages
◦ Asynchronous JavaScript and XML (AJAX)
◦ Hypertext Preprocessor (PHP)
◦ Adobe Flash and Microsoft Silverlight
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Popular tools for creating Web pages and
managing Web sites:
◦ Adobe Dreamweaver, Microsoft Expression Web,
and Nvu
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Popular publishing options:
◦ ISPs, free sites, and Web hosting
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Mash-up
◦ Process of mixing two or more hip-hop songs into
one song
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Standards and tools that streamline and
simplify communication among Web sites
XML
◦ The key to Web services
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RSS
◦ Real Simple Syndication
◦ Podcasts
◦ Streaming audio and video
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Other components used in Web service
applications:
◦ SOAP (Simple Object Access Protocol)
◦ WSDL (Web Services Description Language)
◦ UDDI (Universal Discovery Description and
Integration)
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Search engines and Web research
◦ Search engines
 Have become important to businesses as a tool to
drive visitors to the business’ Web site
◦ SEO has become a valuable marketing tool
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Search Engines and Web Research
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Commercial Internet Exchange (CIX)
Association
◦ Established in 1991
◦ Allows businesses to connect to the Internet
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E-mail
◦ No longer limited to simple text messages
◦ Can embed sound and images
◦ Can attach files
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Instant messaging
◦ Online, real-time communication between two or
more people who are connected to the Internet
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Telnet
◦ Network protocol that enables users to log on to
networks remotely over the Internet
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Secure Shell (SSH)
◦ Provides Telnet functionality through a more secure
connection
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File Transfer Protocol (FTP)
◦ Supports file transfers between a host and a remote
computer
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Web log (blog)
◦ Web site that people create and use to write about
their observations, experiences, and feelings on a
wide range of topics
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Podcast
◦ Audio broadcast over the Internet
◦ An audio blog
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Usenet
◦ Uses e-mail to provide a centralized news service
◦ Topic are called newsgroups
◦ Protocol that describes how groups of messages
can be stored on and sent between computers
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Chat rooms
◦ Enable two or more people to engage in interactive
“conversations” over the Internet
◦ Internet Relay Chat (IRC)
 Requires participants to type their conversation rather
than speak
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Internet phone service
◦ Relatively inexpensive, especially for international
calls
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Voice-over-IP (VoIP) technology
◦ Network managers can route phone calls and fax
transmissions over the same network they use for
data
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Internet videoconferencing
◦ Supports both voice and visual communications
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Social Networking
◦ Facebook
 Provides an application development platform so that
technically proficient members can create applications
to run within Facebook
◦ The U.S. intelligence community
 Is adopting social networking to share information
among operatives and analysts
◦ Twitter
 Allows members to report on what they are doing
throughout the day
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Media Sharing
◦ YouTube
 Allows members to post homemade video content
◦ Flickr
 Allows members to upload photos to their own
personal online photo album and choose photos to
share with the community
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Content Streaming
◦ Method for transferring multimedia files, radio
broadcasts, and other content over the Internet
◦ Enables users to browse large files in real time
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Shopping on the Web
◦ Amazon Shorts
 Has stories that vary in length from 2,000 to 10,000
words
◦ Bot (intelligent agent)
 Software tool that searches the Web for information,
products, or prices
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Web auction
◦ A way to connect buyers and sellers
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eBay
◦ Popular auction site
◦ Easy to use and includes thousands of products and
services in many categories
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Auction sites
◦ Cannot always determine whether the people and
companies listing products and services are
legitimate
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Radio broadcasts are now available on the
Internet
Video and TV are also becoming available
Internet Protocol Television (IPTV) protocol
◦ Used to put TV programming on the Internet
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Digital books, both in text and audio form
◦ Are growing in popularity thanks to appealing
devices and services
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Audio books
◦ Have become more popular due to the popularity of
the iPod and services like audible.com
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Internet office
◦ Web site that contains files, phone numbers, e-mail
addresses, an appointment calendar, and more
◦ Allows your desktop computer, phone books,
appointment schedulers, and other important
information to be with you wherever you are
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Internet
◦ Can provide critical information during times of
disaster
◦ Can be used to translate words, sentences, or
complete documents from one language into
another
◦ Facilitates distance learning, which has dramatically
increased in the last several years
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Intranet
◦ Internal corporate network built using Internet and
World Wide Web standards and technologies
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Extranet
◦ Network that links selected resources of the
intranet of a company with its customers, suppliers,
or other business partners
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Virtual private network (VPN)
◦ Secure connection between two points on the
Internet
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Intranets and Extranets (continued)
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Management issues
◦ Preventing attacks
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Service and speed issues
◦ Keeping up with Internet traffic and traffic on
company intranets
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Privacy, fraud, security, and unauthorized
Internet sites
◦ People and companies are reluctant to embrace the
Internet unless these issues are successfully
addressed
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Search engines
◦ Good starting point for searching for specific
companies or industries
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Job sites
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www.directmarketingcareers.com
www.monster.com
www.hotjobs.com
www.careerbuilder.com
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End
Principles of Information Systems, Ninth
Edition
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