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Chapter 7
Introduction to Networks
Ruth Watson
Operating Systems Concepts 1/e
Ruth Watson
Chapter 7
Objectives (1 of 2)
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Differentiate between a peer-to-peer network and a
client server network
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Explain the importance of the choice of file system
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Differentiate between a client computer and a server
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List at least three different server services
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Explain the difference between centralized and
decentralized administration
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Explain the difference between workgroup and
domain membership
Operating Systems Concepts 1/e
Ruth Watson
Chapter 7
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Objectives (2 of 2)
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Explain why the NTFS file system is more secure
than the FAT file system
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Define topology
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Describe the four main topologies
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Differentiate between a network topology and a
network technology
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Demonstrate how to configure Local Area
Connection properties
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Describe the role of the network interface card (NIC)
Operating Systems Concepts 1/e
Ruth Watson
Chapter 7
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Introduction
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Most professionals work in a
Networked environment
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Security becomes an issue
in a networked environment
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When designing networks,
there are specific guidelines
to follow, such as:
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When implementing a
network, the physical
structure includes:
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NIC Cards
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Cables
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Transmission media
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Hubs
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Type of Network

Switches

File System
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Routers
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Security
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Chapter 7
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Important Terms to Understand
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Attenuation
Bus
Client/server
Cluster
Ethernet
FAT32
File system
Hub
LAN (local area network)
MAN (metropolitan area
network)
Media
Network
Operating Systems Concepts 1/e
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NIC (network interface card)
NOS (network operating
system)
NTFS
Peer-to-peer
Repeater
Ring
Router
Slack space
Star
Switch
Token Ring
WAN (wide area network)
Ruth Watson
Chapter 7
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Network Scope
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Local Area Network (LAN)

Small Network
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Usually confined to a building or
an office floor
Wide Area Network (WAN)

Two or more LANs connected
together

The Internet is an example
Metropolitan Area Network
(MAN)
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Covers a large area, such as a
city
Operating Systems Concepts 1/e
Ruth Watson
Chapter 7
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Types of Networks - Peer-To-Peer
Operating Systems Concepts 1/e
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Good for small environments,
usually up to 10 computers
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No dedicated network
administrator
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Each computer must have
specific permissions assigned
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Sharing resources can
become a problem if the
computer with the resource is
down

Security is a serious issue
Ruth Watson
Chapter 7
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Types of Networks - Client/Server
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A server has a special
Network Operating system
(NOS) to help provide
resources to multiple users
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Client/Server environments
usually have one or more
network administrators
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Problems can include access,
security, and integrity of data
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Backups are needed in this
environment
Operating Systems Concepts 1/e
Ruth Watson
Chapter 7
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Types of Networks - Home Networks
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Operating Systems Concepts 1/e
Home networks are
becoming more popular
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Typically peer-to-peer
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Set up is fairly easy
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A router keeps track of all
the computers inside the
home network
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Computers are configured
with fake IP addresses that
allow them to communicate
Ruth Watson
Chapter 7
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Centralized vs. Decentralized
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Centralized

Client/Server
Environment
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Resources are on server
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Backup is easier
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Profiles are easy to keep
track of
Operating Systems Concepts 1/e
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Decentralized

Peer-to-Peer
Environment
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Resources are spread
out
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There are no profiles
Ruth Watson
Chapter 7
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Workgroup vs. Domain
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Workgroup
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Peer-to-Peer
Environment
Domain

Client/Server
Environment
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Effective for small
environments
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Effective for larger
environments
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Security is a problem

Network administrator
has control
Operating Systems Concepts 1/e
Ruth Watson
Chapter 7
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Files Systems
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A file system keeps track
of files and folders
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DOS uses FAT (File
Allocation System
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Windows 2000 uses NTFS
(New Technology File
System)
Operating Systems Concepts 1/e
Ruth Watson
Chapter 7
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Choosing a File System
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Files systems keep track of
files and folders
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There are several file systems
to choose
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A file system determines how
files can be named and length
of file names
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Each operating systems has its
own file system

LINUX: ext2 or ext3

Windows 2000: NTFS or FAT32
Operating Systems Concepts 1/e
Ruth Watson
Chapter 7
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Security
Operating Systems Concepts 1/e
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How much security
you need helps to
determine a file
system
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FAT/FAT32 is good on
stand alone computers
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NTFS should be used
on networks
Ruth Watson
Chapter 7
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Network Topology - Bus
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Computers are daisy chained
together in a linear bus
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Commonly used in the 1980’s
Least expensive
Easiest to setup
Uses coax cable
Data packets are sent along the
coax cables
All computers hear data sent out
A BNC connector is used for the
NIC card
If there is a break in the computer,
the other computers are disturbed
Operating Systems Concepts 1/e
Ruth Watson
Chapter 7
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Network Topology - Star
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Computers are concentrated into a
star pattern using hubs or switches
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Operating Systems Concepts 1/e
Most LANs use Star topology
Uses Category 5 cable (cat 6 is on
the way)
Cat 5 cable uses an RJ-45 connector
for the NIC card
Easy to install
Not that expensive
Hubs broadcast data to all devices
Switches can be used instead of
hubs
Switches can help segment data
traffic but are more expensive
If there is a break in the cable, it does
not disturb the other computers
Ruth Watson
Chapter 7
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Network Topology - Ring
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Not used as often as
the Star
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Uses different hardware

More expensive

Complex to install
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Best at passing data with
less collisions
Operating Systems Concepts 1/e
Ruth Watson
Chapter 7
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Network Technology - Ethernet
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Operating Systems Concepts 1/e
Ethernet was developed by
Bob Metcafe and D.R. Boggs
at the Palo Alto Center in the
early 1970’s
Multiple cables and protocols
can be used with Ethernet
Different networks can be
connected, such as:
 Windows
 Macintosh
 Novell
 Unix
Ruth Watson
Chapter 7
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Network Technology - Token Ring
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Token Ring uses a
different access method
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Only one device
transmits at a time
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Each device checks to
see if the data is for them
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Fewer collisions
Operating Systems Concepts 1/e
Ruth Watson
Chapter 7
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Protocols
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Protocols are agreed upon
rules that networked
devices use to
communicate
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Different organizations
came up with different
protocols
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Operating Systems Concepts 1/e
TCP/IP resolved issues
and enabled all computer
platforms to communicate
Ruth Watson
Chapter 7
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LAN Components
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LAN components include:
 Repeaters
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Hubs
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Act as a concentrator to
connect several computers
Switches
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Used to amplify data signals
due to attenuation
Intelligent hubs that segment
traffic to avoid collisions
Routers
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Must have to be able to
access the Internet
Operating Systems Concepts 1/e
Ruth Watson
Chapter 7
21
Network Interface Card (NIC)
Operating Systems Concepts 1/e
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NIC enables computers
to communicate
through a unique media
access control (MAC)
address
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The MAC is burned in
at the factory
Ruth Watson
Chapter 7
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Summary
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You don’t have to be a technology specialist to network your home
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Networks range from very small to very large
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A server has a special operating system on it that allows multiple
users to log in at the same time
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Peer-to-Peer networks require no server, but security is an issue
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A Client/Server network must have at least one dedicated server and
a network administrator

There are four ways to connect your network: bus, star, ring, or
hybrid
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Protocols are rules that allow computers and other devices to
communicate

The most common protocol is TCP/IP
Operating Systems Concepts 1/e
Ruth Watson
Chapter 7
23
Questions?
Operating Systems Concepts 1/e
Ruth Watson
Chapter 7
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