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Networks and Internet
Objectives
 Understand basic concepts in Networking
Network Types
 Understand basic concepts in Internet
Internet Services
Become familiar with Web terminologies
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Computer Networks
Physical part of the definition:
–Two or more computers linked together.
Functional Part of the definition:
–Communication
–Sharing resources
–Exchange of data
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Computer Networks
Types of Networks
Local Area Network (LAN) – nodes are
in close proximity
Wide Area Network (WAN) – nodes of
the network are geographically distant
Internet – Network of networks and
individual computers
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Going Online
The Internet
 Internet: worldwide collection of
networks
 ARPANET: network for scientists
that evolved into the Internet
 Internet backbone: major
communications lines of the Internet
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Going Online
The Internet
No one group controls the Internet
Three Major Organizations:
The Internet Society: Open development
for the benefit of the public
Internet Corporation for Assigned Names
and Numbers (ICANN): Assign names
and addresses
World Wide Web Consortium (W3C):
Creates technical specifications
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Going Online
Connecting to the Internet
 Bandwidth – amount of information
that can be sent over the channel
56,000 bits per second (bps)
9M (millions of bits, or megabits per
second)
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Going Online
Connecting to the Internet
 Internet service provider (ISP): Colleges,
Schools, Corporations, Communication companies
ex. SBC
 Information service gateway: ex. AOL, MSN,
CompuServe
 communications software (Interface with their
information system)
 user ID and password
 Direct LAN connection
 T-1 line (1.544 Mbps)
 T-3 line (44.736 Mbps)
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Going Online
Connecting to the Internet
 Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP)
 Protocol: set of rules for how computers communicate
 Packet: the part of a message that contains the data and
the address the message is being sent to
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Going Online
Retrieving and Viewing Information
on the Internet
 Client program – Internet browser:
runs on user’s computer
 Server program – runs on server
computer
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Going Online
Retrieving and Viewing Information
on the Internet
 Domain name: name or abbreviation
of the name of the organization
 Uniform resource locator (URL):
address of a web page
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Going Online
Retrieving and Viewing Information on the
Internet
 URL
 access protocol
 domain name
 top-level domains: denote affiliation
.com
 .edu
 folder
 filename
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Going Online
Internet Browsers
 Browsers
 retrieve and view Internet-based information
 interact with servers
 download and upload information
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Going Online
Internet Browsers
 Web site
 pages
 home page – first page you see at a site
 hyperlinks – allow user to click on an
icon and be taken to other resources on
the Internet
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Going Online
Navigating the Internet
 Microsoft Internet Explorer
 Netscape
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Going Online
Browser Plug-ins
 Plug-in – gives the browser added
capabilities
 Shockwave Player
 Flash Player
 RealJukebox
 Liquid Player
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Going Online
Internet Resources and Applications
 Finding information on the Web
 browsing: just looking around
 searching: trying to find specific information
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Going Online
Internet Applications
 File Transfer Protocol (FTP) servers
 easily download/upload files
 Anonymous FTP sites
E-mail
Chatting
Online conferences
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Assignment# 3
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