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Communications, Networks, the Internet, and
the World Wide Web
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Define communications (telecommunications)
in the context of computer systems.
Identify the basic components of a
communications system.
Describe how and why networked computers
are used within schools and school districts.
Explain what the internet is and how it works.
List the major services on the Internet and
explain how they work.
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Define the World Wide Web (WWW).
Explain how a Web site delivers information.
Demonstrate the ability to use WWW search
tools.
Demonstrate the ability to create a simple
Web site (later in class)
Describe the educational implications of the
Internet and the World Wide Web
Understand security and netiquette issues
related to the Internet and the WWW.
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The exchange of information over
significant distances by electronic means.
Examples of applications
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E-mail
Telecommuting
Videoconferencing
Internet
POTS
Television
Radio
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A communications network is a collection of
computers and other equipment organized
to share, data, hardware, and software.
Networks also require communications
software.
notebook
computers
smart
phones
Web-enabled
servers
PDAs
GPS
receivers
desktop
computers
mainframe
computers
set-top boxes
Tablet PCs
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Local Area Networks (LAN)
◦ Covers limited geographical area
◦ Server manages resources
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Wide Area Networks (WAN)
◦ Covers large geographical area
◦ Can consist of several LANs
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Limited Local
Area Network
(LAN)
connecting
computers,
printers and
other devices
within the
confines of the
classroom.
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Providing a
network
between the
Classrooms
Labs
Library
School
Administrative
areas.
◦ Outside world
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Providing a
network
between the
◦ Schools
◦ Administrative
Buildings
◦ Outside world
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Provides access to networks without wire or
cable.
Most notebooks and other devices are
coming with wireless capabilities.
Most PC’s can be ordered with wireless
network cards or they can be installed
aftermarket.
Great advantage in retrofitting a school.
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Sharing of computer hardware, software,
and data resources
Access to educational resources
Communicate with other educators and
students
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The Internet is a worldwide collection of
networks that link together millions of
businesses, governments, educational
institutions, and individuals.
Each of these networks provides resources
and data that add to the abundance of
goods, services, and information accessible
via the Internet.
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The Pentagon’s Advanced Research Projects
Agency (ARPA) begins a project to network
computers around the country, ARPNET.
1969 The first computers are connected to
the ARPNET
1972 The first e-mail is sent
1981 the IBM PC is introduced
1984 Apple introduces the McIntosh
computer
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1989 Tim Bernes-Lee invents the World
Wide Web 1969
1992 Windows 3.1 is introduced
1993 a graphic interface for the WWW is
created called Mosaic. This will become
Netscape Navigator.
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Slow speed technology
◦ Dial-up access
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High speed technology
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Digital subscriber line (DSL)
Cable television Internet services (CATV),
Satellite
Wireless Broadband
Connection is always on
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E-mail
File Transfer Protocol
World Wide Web
Streaming media
Chat rooms and message boards.
These services are called protocols in the
computer world.
A protocol is a standard procedure for
regulating data transmission between
computers
WWW
FTP
E-mail
Streaming
Media
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Data is divided into packets
Packets are sent across the Internet using
various types of equipment
Packets are reassembled at receiving
computer.
Client
Backbone
Internet
Cloud
Server
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The Internet Protocol Address or IP Address
◦ Known as the dotted quad xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx
◦ Number that uniquely identifies each computer or
device connected to Internet
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Domain Name is the text version of IP
Address
www.amazon.com = 207.171.166.252
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The World Wide Web, or simply Web,
consists of a worldwide collection of
electronic documents, Web pages,
organized into Web sites.
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The Universal Resource Locator (URL)
Unique address for a web page located on a
specific web server.
protocol
domain name
path
http://www.nationalgeographic.com/travel/index.html
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Web pages consist
of three
components;
◦ Text
◦ Multimedia
 Graphics
 Audio
 Video
◦ Hyperlinks
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Text or graphics that connect (link) to other
web pages.
Three types of links
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Hyperlinks can be text or graphics
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◦ Items found elsewhere on the same page
◦ Different web pages in the same site.
◦ Other web sites.
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Web Browser
Software
◦ Interprets HTML,
displays Web pages
and enables you to link
to other Web pages
and Web sites
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The two most
popular browsers
are;
◦ Internet Explorer
◦ FireFox
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A Web site that
offers a variety
of services
from one,
convenient
location,
usually for free
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Contains
newsworthy
material
Stories and
articles relating
to current events,
life, money,
sports, and
weather
News Archives
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Contains factual
information
Created by
organizations
and government
agencies
Make sure that
the web site is
legitimate
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Contains content
that describes a
cause, opinion,
or idea
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Contains content
that promotes
products
Allows you to
purchase
products or
services online
Allows
companies to
purchase goods
and service from
other companies
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Offers avenues for
formal and
informal teaching
and learning
Colleges offer
online classes and
degrees
Some companies
offer online
training
for employees
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Offers an
interactive
environment
featuring music,
video, sports,
games, and more
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Web page
maintained by
private individual
Reasons: sharing
life experience
with the world or
job hunting
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An informational
Web site
consisting of time
stamped:
◦ Articles
◦ Posts
In a diary or
journal format.
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Netiquette is the code of acceptable
behaviors users should follow while on the
Internet.
Golden Rule: Treat others as you would like
them to treat you.
Website for Netiquette information
http://www.albion.com/netiquette/
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Firewall
Filtering software
Acceptable Use Policy (AUP)