Download Objective 1.02 - social studies

Early Expansion and
Establishment of the United
States as an International Power
Michael Quiñones, NBCT
WWW.SOCIALSTUDIESGUY.COM
Objective 1.02
Analyze the political freedoms
available to certain groups in the
United States to 1820
Macro Concepts
Micro Concepts
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Suffrage-the right of citizens to
vote in elections.
•
Citizenship-the right and privileges
of citizens within a nation.
•
Class-a set of standards that
define a group of people based on
education, wealth and upbringing.
•
Race and ethnicity-the genetic
and cultural traits of a group of
people that makes the group
unique and distinct.
•
Gender-the sex characteristics of
a human being [male or female].
•
•
Diversity-the nature of cultural,
racial, economic and ethnic variety
within a society.
Power- authority of a government
to carry out the law.
Status-the economic and social
order of a person that defines the
amount of opportunity and power
he/she has.
Suffrage Requirements

Suffrage is the term used to describe
voting.

Suffrage=voting!

In the early United States only wealthy
landowners were permitted to vote.

Citizens had to own large tracts of land
to be to vote in important elections.

People such as George Washington and
Thomas Jefferson.
Abigail Adams and Women’s Rights

Mrs. Adams was the wife of
president John Adams.

She was an advocate
[defender/supporter] of
women’s rights.

She believed should have full
suffrage rights and should not
follow the strict rules of their
husbands.
Westward Expansion
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After Jefferson became president he
wanted to expand the United States.

He was able to negotiate the
Louisiana Purchase from France for
several million dollars.

In the way of settling the area were
large numbers of Native tribes [at that
time called Indians].

The tribes were all separate but
decided to eventually unite to fight the
Americans.
Tecumseh
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A Shawnee chief named Tecumseh was
clever enough to convince the different tribes
to unite.

The tribes united into a strong enough force
that they were able to win many battles and
American respect.

The United States did not want to
continuously face such large forces so it
signed the Treaty of Greenville which gave
the tribes a yearly payment of $10,000 in
exchange for land in Ohio and Indiana.
Image Sources
http://www.earlyamerica.com/portraits/wa
shington.html
 http://www.jmap.org/images/jefferson.jpg
 http://www.unalienable.com/images/colon
ies.gif
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Objective 1.03
Assessing commercial and
diplomatic relationships with
Britain, France and other nations
Macro Concepts
Micro Concepts
•
•
Foreign policy-set of goals and
strategies a nation uses to relate
to countries outside its borders.
•
Neutrality-act of not favoring or
taking sides in a dispute
[especially as a third party
between 2 foreign nations].
•
Trade-act of buying goods and/or
selling goods [especially with/to
foreign nations]
•
Diplomacy-act of establishing and
maintaining favorable relations
with foreign nations.
•
Impressment-act of forcing
persons to serve in a navy against
their will.
•
•
Conflict-problem or issue that is
controversial and can cause
problems without compromise.
Power- authority of a government
to carry out the law.
Revolution-complete change and
alteration in the way something is
done.
The War of 1812
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This war was AKA the AngloAmerican War of 1812-1815.
This was a 3-year war between
the U.S. and England.
The U.S. was able defeat
England for several reasons:
[a] England was far from home
[b] England was fighting
France too [c] America was
more determined.
Causes of the War
[1] England was capturing and
impressing American sailors.
[2] England was mad that the
U.S. stopped
trading/embargoed with them
Non-Intercourse Act.
[3] The U.S. War Hawks provoked
the U.S. into wanting to go to
war.
[4] Americans believed NativeAmericans were attacking
them because England was
bribing them.
Washington’s Proclamation of Neutrality

In 1793 the United States was a very new
country.

France had been a loyal ally for the U.S. as
they defeated the British.

In 1793 France needed America’s help but
Washington warned the U.S. against getting
involved in other country’s affairs.

Washington believed the United States
should remain neutral. Anther word for
neutral is impartial.
Jay’s Treaty

Even though the United States has
defeated the British to gain its
independence the British kept secret forts
on U.S. soil.

President Washington sent John Jay [the
Secretary of State] to England negotiate
and avoid a war.

The agreement settled on was not very
favorable for America because England
still had power to control the sea near the
U.S. [Jay was accused of being proBritish].

England gave up its American forts and
granted the U.S. most favored nation
status meaning the U.S. would receive
the best prices on goods.
Pinckney’s Treaty

After Jay’s treaty with
England Spain and France
were nervous America
would try to take their
territories in North America.

President Washington sent
Thomas Pinckney to
Spain to negotiate and
avoid a war.

Pinckney negotiated the
right of the U.S. to use
rivers through Spanish
and French territory.
George Washington’s Farewell Address


Address is a fancy word for speech. Address=speech.
Before George left the White House as president he
warned the nation to avoid: [a] sectionalism [North vs.
South, East vs. West [b] political parties [federalists vs.
anti-federalists] [c] relations with foreign nations
[trusting foreign countries].
The XYZ Affair

After Jay’s Treaty the Americans were worried about a war with France
so Washington sent three of his advisers to France.

While the Americans were in France they were approached by 3
“shady” characters asked them for a bribe of $250,000 plus a loan for
$12 million. In exchange the French agents would allow them to speak
to their government.

The bribe was refused and the U.S. Navy began to seize French ships
that were in U.S. waters.

After this incident the United States was very suspicious and untrusting
of foreign countries.
Convention of 1800

During the 1790s lots of turmoil was occurring in the U.S. [Whiskey
Rebellion, XYZ Affair, Alien and Sedition Acts].

Three well known candidates were running for president: Adams,
Jefferson and Burr .

None of them was very liked. No candidate received 51% of the
popular vote [citizens’ vote]. The election was decided by the U.S.
House of Representatives. Thomas Jefferson was selected as
president.
Embargo Act of 1807

Lots of tension between the United States and European countries
[England and France] especially in trading goods using ships.

To avoid retaliating against England and France using military force the
United States decided to halt commerce [stop buying and selling goods]
with European countries.

This got Europe’s attention but it hurt American businesses such as
farmers because they had fewer customers to sell to.
The War Hawks

During the early 1800s England was
very aggressive with its ships and
was seizing U.S. ships.

The Embargo Act was making
European countries upset. Jefferson
had Congress pass an even stricter
law called the Non-Intercourse Act
forbade American trade with Europe.

The War Hawks wanted the U.S. to
declare war on England to make it
clear we were capable of protecting
ourselves.
The Battle of New Orleans

This was the last major battle of the War of 1812.

General Jackson was the leader of U.S. Forces.

The U.S. was able to prevent the British from taking
over the land obtained by the Louisiana Purchase
[this was huge morale boost for the United States
Army].
Treaty of Ghent

At the end of the War of 1812 England and the United
States signed the Treaty of Ghent.

America was considered a world power after 1812
because they had defeated another great world power.
Adams-Onis Treaty
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Seminole tribes were raiding towns in Georgia and Alabama and
threatening the lives of Americans.
General Andrew Jackson’s army was able to destroy several
Seminole villages in Spanish Florida.
Spain signed an agreement ceding [giving] control of all of Florida
and parts of Southern Georgia, Alabama and Louisiana to the U.S.
Impressment
Both before and during the War of 1812 British warships were in serious need of
personnel to man their ships.
Whenever British warships captured foreign sea vessels the captives [especially
Americans] were impressed.
The purpose of impressment was to embarrass the captives and staff the British
warships so they were able to carry out their missions. This was considered a
huge factor that led to the War of 1812?
Image Sources
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http://www.earlyamerica.com/earlyamerica/milestones/jaytreaty/1.html
http://www.probertencyclopaedia.com/j/John%20Jay.jpg
http://www.historycentral.com/nn/pickney.jpg
http://130.18.140.19/stennis/washingtonresigning.jpg
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/The_Signing_of_the_Tr
eaty_of_Mortefontaine,_30th_September_1800_by_Victor-Jean_Adam.jpg/220pxThe_Signing_of_the_Treaty_of_Mortefontaine,_30th_September_1800_by_VictorJean_Adam.jpg
http://www.galafilm.com/1812/e/catalogues/sketches/sketches_lrg/149-Embargo.jpg
http://mrkash.com/activities/images/impressment.gif
http://www.ohiohistorycentral.org/images/114.jpg
http://freepages.history.rootsweb.ancestry.com/~wcarr1/Lossing2/11-07.gif
http://www.historicalartprints.com/images/product_small
/Battle-of-New-Orleans-lrg-.jpg
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/archive/7/73/20090320204759!Signi
ng_of_Treaty_of_Ghent_(1812).jpg
http://thomaslegioncherokee.tripod.com/sitebuildercontent/sitebuilderpictures/adams
_onis_treaty_map.jpg