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Human Body Systems
Levels of Organization
Cells
Tissues
Organs
Organ Systems
Levels of Organization
Level of
Organization
Examples
Cells
Nerve cell, red blood cell
Tissues
Organs
Epithelial, connective,
nervous, and muscle tissue
Stomach, eye, liver, heart
Organ System
Digestive, cardiovascular
Nervous System
Integumentary System
Skeletal System
Muscular System
Circulatory System
Nervous System
•Structures: brain, spinal cord, peripheral nerves, neurons
•Functions:
• Sensory/Motor
• Controls and regulates body’s functions
• Communication system (relays info)
FUN FACT!
How many neurons in the brain?
Human brain= 86 billion
Elephant = 23 billion
Chimpanzee = 7 billion
Cat = 1 billion
Mouse = 75 million
Cockroach = 1 million
Nervous System
Integumentary System
Skeletal System
Muscular System
Integumentary System
•Structures: skin, hair, nails, sweat &
oil glands
•Functions:
• Barrier from injury and
infection
• Largest organ
• Sensory neurons:
Circulatory System
FUN FACT!
The skin on your mouth is 200 times
more sensitive than your fingertips.
Nervous System
Integumentary System
Skeletal System
Muscular System
Circulatory System
Skeletal System
•Structures: bones, cartilage, ligaments, tendons
•Functions:
• Support
• Protection
• Movement
FUN FACT!
The area of our
body with the
most bones is the
hand, fingers and
wrist where there
are 54 bones.
Nervous System
Integumentary System
Skeletal System
Muscular System
Circulatory System
Muscular System
• Functions:
• Structures: Skeletal muscle,
• Voluntary movement
smooth muscle, cardiac muscle
>Skeletal system
• Involuntary movement
>Circulates blood
>Moves food
FUN FACT!
• There are about
60 muscles in the face.
• Smiling is easier than
frowning!
• It takes 20 muscles to
smile and over
40 muscles to frown.
Nervous System
Integumentary System
Skeletal System
Muscular System
Circulatory System
•Structures: heart, blood vessels, blood
•Functions:
• Oxygen and nutrients
• Fights infection
• Removes cell waste
Circulatory System
FUN FACT!
“Broken heart syndrome”
(stress cardiomyopathy)
•Feels like heart attack:
– chest pain
– shortness of breath
– arm aches.
•Emotionally stressful event
Respiratory System
Digestive System
Excretory System
Endocrine System
Reproductive System
Respiratory System
•Structures: nose, pharynx, larynx, trachea,
bronchi, bronchioles, lungs
•Functions:
• Provides O2
• Remove CO2
• Works with circulatory system
Respiratory System
Digestive System
Excretory System
Endocrine System
Reproductive System
Digestive System
•Structures: Mouth, pharynx, esophagus,
stomach, small and large intestines, rectum
•Functions:
• Take in, break down, absorb food
• Food  simpler molecules
• Eliminates wastes
FUN FACT!
The stomach secretes:
a) hydrochloric acid
2 liters/day
b) mucus
new coat/2 weeks
Respiratory System
Digestive System
Excretory System
Endocrine System
Excretory System
•Structures: Skin, lungs,
kidneys, ureters,
urinary bladder, urethra
•Functions:
• Eliminate waste
• Homeostasis
Reproductive System
FUN FACT!
Kidney Stones
• Painful crystals
• 0.12in = block
• Largest= 2.48 lbs
(coconut)
Respiratory System
Digestive System
Excretory System
Endocrine System
Reproductive System
Endocrine System
•Structures: Hypothalamus, pituitary, thyroid,
parathyroids,
adrenals, pancreas, ovaries, testes
•Functions:
• Uses chemicals (hormones)
• Growth and development
• Metabolism
• Homeostasis
• Internal & external stimuli
Respiratory System
Digestive System
Excretory System
Endocrine System
Reproductive System
Reproductive System
•Structures: -Ovaries, Fallopian tubes,
uterus, vagina
-Testes, epididymis, vas
deferens, urethra, penis
•Functions:
• Reproductive/sex cells (sperm and
egg)
• Male/female sex characteristics
Lymphatic/Immune
System
Lymphatic / Immune System
•Structures: white blood cells, thymus, spleen,
lymph nodes, lymph vessels
•Functions:
• Protects from disease
• Fluid collection
• B cells and T cells
• Immune/Inflammatory response
• Antibody production
B cells – Bone marrow,
make antibodies
T cells – Thymus, killer or
helper T
cells
Homeostasis
• “Keeping things in balance”
• Internal conditions = constant
external conditions = changing
Examples of Feedback Inhibition
Thermostat senses
temperature change and
switches off heating
system
Room temperature increases
Room temperature decreases
Thermostat senses
temperature change and
switches on heating
system
Can Olaf maintain homeostasis
using feedback inhibition?
Reference A