Download PP Presentation Chapter 12

Chapter 12 – Section 1
The Union Dissolves
CRITTENDEN COMPROMISE

John Crittenden

U.S. Senator – Kentucky (favor slavery)

Compromise extended the Missouri
Compromise line westward
John Crittendon
CRITTENDEN COMPROMISE
REJECTED

President Lincoln rejected the plan
because it extended slavery into the west.
Fort Sumter
Charleston, South Carolina



Even though the fort was located in the deep
South the Union (North) controlled it
Conflict between the South and North over the
control of the fort
South gained control over the fort after bombing
it for 34 hours
Fort Sumter
Confederate
States in 1861
Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, Tennessee, Georgia,
Alabama, Florida, Mississippi, Arkansas, Louisiana, and Texas
STRENGTH OF THE NORTH




Population is 22 million
Industrialized (controlled 85% of the industry in
the U.S.)
Transportation – Railroad – North controlled
(important for moving troops)
Naval – U.S. Navy remained loyal to the North –
built new ships for war
STRENGTHS OF THE SOUTH

Defensive War – only had to protect their
territory in the south

Military leadership – had the best generals

9 million people (3.5 million were slaves)
COMPARING THE ARMIES
NORTH
SOUTH
President Abraham Lincoln
President Jefferson Davis
Capital – Washington, Dc
Capital – Richmond, Virginia
2.7 million soldiers
750,000 soldiers
3,500 Indians (knew the land)
5,500 Indians (knew the land)
180,000 Blacks
No Blacks could fight
(fearful of revolting)
Washington, D.C.
Richmond, Virginia
Abraham Lincoln
Union President
Jefferson Davis
President Lincoln’s
order to attack the South

General Irwin McDowell (North)

Ordered to march to Richmond, Virginia

Capture Richmond and end the conflict
General Irvin McDowell
MANASSAS JUNCTION
(THE FIRST BATTLE OF BULL RUN)




North attempted to march 100 miles west to capture
Richmond, Virginia (South’s capital)
South attempted to capture Washington, D.C.
Confrontation at Bull Run (30 miles from D.C.) between
both sides (35,000 soldiers from the North and 35,000
soldiers from the South fought)
General “Stonewall” Jackson from the South stopped the
North from advancing to Richmond – victory for the
South
Battle of Bull Run
Battle of Bull Run
Stonewall Jackson – Confederate
General at Bull Run
Joseph E. Johnston Confederate
General at the Battle of Bull Run
Robert E. Lee – Confederate General and advisor
for Jefferson Davis – Confederate President
George B. McClelland heads the Union forces after Bull Run
Section 2
The North and the South
Face Off
3 – PART STRATEGIES FOR
THE NORTH

Capture Richmond, Virginia

Gain control of the Mississippi River

Naval blockade of the South
(Anaconda Plan)
Capture Richmond, Virginia
Control the Mississippi River
Naval Blockade (Anaconda Plan)
Blockade the Atlantic Coast
North divided most of the action
in the Civil War into 2 arenas
Eastern
Theatre
Western
Theatre
EASTERN THEATER - EAST OF THE
APPALACHIAN MOUNTIANS
Western Theatre
Appalachian Mts to Mississippi River
Western Theatre
STRATEGIES OF
WAR - SOUTH



Capture Washington, D.C.
Winning foreign support from (G.B &
France)
South felt that G.B. & France needed their
cotton. G.B. and France had a surplus of
cotton.
Washington
, DC
MILITARY EXPERIENCE FOR
BOTH SIDES (North and South)

Uniforms

Illnesses – influenza, pneumonia, typhoid

No anesthesia
Temporary Hospital Bed
Disease and Infections
Influenza, Pneumonia, and Typhoid
pain-killers used during surgery
None
Andersonville, Georiga - Prison Camp
HOME FRONT - NORTH



Women – replaced male workers in factories, on the
farms, bankers, and morticians
Aid Societies were established
(volunteer group)
Freeman’s Aid Commission – females taught former
slaves
Women in the Civil War
HOME FRONT - SOUTH

Parades and barbeques

Raffles and auctions
HOMEFRONT – NORTH –
MEDICAL CARE

“Nuns of the battlefield” – Ireland and Germany

Elizabeth Blackwell – 1st female licensed doctor

Clara Barton – founder of the Red Cross

U.S. Sanitary Commission – Civilian Aid - medical
OPPOSITION TO WAR
South

Conscription – farmers, working class

“Rich man’s war and a poor man’s fight
OPPOSITION TO WAR
North

Union draft

New York riots

Copperheads

Suspension of civil liberties by Lincoln
Section 3
Fighting the War
BATTLE OF SHILOH






Tennessee
North victory
(S) surprised (N)
(N) has a counterattack
Casualties (N) 13,000 (S) 10,000
North gained advantage in the control
over the Mississippi River valley
BATTLE OF NEW ORLEANS







Louisiana
North victory
Union ships bomb (S) fort for 6 days
(S) surrenders
(S) losses: 50,000 square miles of territory,
1000 miles on the Mississippi River & city of New
Orelans
(S) losses 2 state capitals, Jackson MS and
Baton Rouge, LA, city of New Orleans
Morale of the South dropped
BATTLE OF YORKTOWN






Virginia
South victory
(N) General McClellan meets (S)
President Lincoln tells to attack
(N) McClellan refused because his troops
are outnumber
(S) held this area until the spring
George B. McClelland - Union General
Battle of Yorktown, Virginia
BATTLE OF SEVEN PINES






Virginia
North victory
After waiting it out in the Battle of
Yorktown. (N) McClellan over ran the (S)
(S) retreats towards their capital,
Richmond, Virginia
2 sides battle at this site
(S) General Robert E. Lee retreats
Robert E. Lee – Confederate General
and advisor for Jefferson Davis –
Confederate President
SEVEN DAYS’ BATTLE

Virginia

South victory

(S) Generals Robert E. Lee and Stonewall
Jackson attack the (N). Battle last 7 days
Robert E. Lee – Confederate General
and advisor for Jefferson Davis –
Confederate President
Stonewall Jackson – Confederate
General at Bull Run
BATTLE OF ANTIETAM (Creek)






Maryland
North victory
Bloodiest single day battle
Casualties: (S) 13,000 (N) 12,000
(S) escaped back to the Virginia
President Lincoln announces the
Emancipation of Proclamation after this
battle
Emancipation Proclamation



January 1, 1863
President Lincoln freed the slaves in the
rebelling states
How can he do this?
BATTLE AT FORT WAGNER






Charleston, South Carolina
North victory
(N) attacks at the fort
(N) used 6000 troops
1st time the Union uses African Americans
(N) suffered heavy losses but the (S)
eventually evacuated the fort
BATTLE OF FREDERICKSBURG




Virginia
South victory
(S) General Robert E. Lee and his 75,000
troops controlled the hills overlooking the
city of Fredericksburg
Casualties: (N) 12,000 (S) 5,000
Battle of Chancellorsville





Virginia
South victory
Battle in the forest
(S) Generals Lee and Jackson attacked
from 2 sides – several days of fighting
(S) General “Stonewall” Jackson was shot
in the arm and died 8 days later
Section 4
The Final Phase
BATTLE OF GETTYSBURG

Pennsylvania

Union victory

President Lincoln makes the famous
Gettysburg Address after the battle
(reminded people of the democratic ideals)
Gettysburg Address



Address made by President Lincoln after
the Battle of Gettysburg
Address was made at the Gettysburg
cemetery
Mourned the loss of 23,000 Union soldiers
and 28,000 Confederate soldiers
Gettysburg Address


Four score and seven years ago our
fathers brought forth, upon this continent,
a new nation, conceived in liberty, and
dedicated to the proposition that "all men
are created equal“
Etc.
BATTLE AT VICKSBURG





Mississippi
North victory
(N) gains control over the Mississippi River
Cut off Arkansas, Louisiana, and Texas
If the (S) had not surrendered they would
have starved to death
UNION GENERAL GRANTS
STRATEGY IN 1864

War of attrition – used (N) large number
of soldiers and industrial resources to fight
until the (S) runs out of men, supplies,
and will
General Ulysses Grant
UNION GENERAL SHERMAN’S
STRATEGY IN 1864

Total War – destroying the (S) economic
resources and demoralizing them
TERMS OF SURRENDER





South surrenders at Appomattox
Courthouse, Virginia
Officers keep their side arms
All soldiers would be fed
Soldiers keep their horses and mules
Not tried for treason