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Integumentary System INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM FUNCTIONS OF THE SKIN PROTECTION TEMPERATURE REGULATED SENSORY PERCEPTION CHEMICAL SYNTHESIZING EXCRETION OF SECRETIONS SKIN Two Layers Epidermis: Replaced ≈ every 35 to 45 days Avascular THICK SKIN THIN SKIN Dermis: Ridges: Create a unique pattern of finger, palm, and footprints; Facilitate the ability to grip and hold objects Subcutaneous tissue: Skin attached to muscle, bone; Connective tissue, fat cells Melanin gives the skin its color CANCERS Basal cell carcinoma affects cells in the stratum basale. Squamous cell carcinoma occurs in the second stratum (stratum spinosum) of the epidermis. Malignant melanoma is the most dangerous type of skin cancer. CANCERS Malignant melanomas can be differentiated from normal moles with the ABCD rule. A = Asymmetry B = Border irregularity Borders of mole are not smooth C = Color Two sides of pigmented mole do not match Different colors in pigmented area D = Diameter Spot is larger then 6 mm in diameter QUESTION Is the following statement true or false? One of the primary functions of the skin is to prevent dehydration? ANSWER True. One of the primary functions of the skin is to regulate body heat to help prevent dehydration. ACCESSORY STRUCTURES Hair, hair follicles, sebaceous glands, sweat glands, and nails are all considered accessory structures. Each All is located in the dermis. project through the skin surface HAIR Originates in hair follicle in dermis Vellus hair; Terminal hair Keratin + amino acids = hair Scalp hair grows most rapidly Hair growth slows by midlife Decreased melanin production causes graying hair SEBACEOUS, SWEAT GLANDS Connected to each hair follicle Sebaceous -- Secrete sebum (oily substance) More active during puberty Sudoriferous -- Sweat Glands Eccrine glands Apocrine glands QUESTION Is the following statement true or false? Apocrine glands secrete fluid during perspiration. ANSWER True. Apocrine glands secrete fluid during perspiration. They also secrete a substance in the external ear canals called cerumen. In animals, apocrine glands secrete pheromones. FINGER, TOENAILS Nails Hard keratin; Protective function; Nail root Abundant capillary blood supply; Lunula PRESSURE SORE STAGING Pressure Sore Staging Stage I: Redness Stage II: Blistering or skin tear Stage III: Shallow crater with drainage Stage IV: Deep ulcerated tissue; Exposed muscle and bone; Sepsis PRESSURE SORES CAUSES OF S/S OF PRESSURE POINTS PREVENTION OF INTEGUMENTARY ASSESSMENTS Scalp, Hair Assessment Skin: Smooth; Intact; Free of lesions Assess: Color, texture, and distribution Abnormal findings: Nits or lice; Scales, flaking skin Nail Assessment Check for normal structure Assess: Change in shape or thickness; Color of nailbed; Capillary refill time WHAT IS UNDER YOUR SKIN OR UNDER YOUR NAILS??????
