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Transcript
Neuroscience and Behavior 1 What are neurons? How do they transmit information? 2 Neurons Nerve cells Basic building blocks of the body’s information processing system. Made up of Dendrites Axons 3 Dendrites Receive information 4 Axon fibers Transmit information to other Neurons Muscles Glands 5 How do neurons communicate to other cells to influence our behavior? 6 Synapse (synaptic gap) Chemical messengers (neurotransmitters) bridge the gap 7 Neurotransmitters Enable communication between neurons 8 Endorphins Neurotransmitters (similar to morphine) Reduces pain E.g. Childbirth 9 What are the parts of our nervous system? What do these parts do? 10 Nervous system Central nervous system Brain and spinal column Peripheral nervous system Links central nervous system (spinal cord) to sense receptors, muscles and glands 11 Nervous system 12 Peripheral Nervous System Sympathetic nervous system (Arousing) Increases heartbeat & blood pressure Parasympathetic nervous system (Calming) 13 Central nervous system Brain and spinal column Severed spinal cord E.g. Bill - No genital sensations, but has an erection when stimulated. 14 Reflex Simple reflex pathway Knee-jerk reaction A headless warm body could do it 15 How do we explore the connection among brain, mind, and behavior? Recording the brain’s activity Creating images of the brain’s activity 16 Recording the brain’s electrical activity Electroencephalogram (EEG) Brain waves 17 Neuroimaging techniques (creating images) CT scan PET scan MRI scan 18 CT scan Computed tomography X-ray photographs 19 PET scan Positron emission tomography scan Radioactive glucose 20 MRI Scan Magnetic fields and radio waves create images of the brain’s soft tissues. 21 The brain Amygdala Hippocampus Angular gyrus Corpus callosum Medulla 22 Medulla Most basic life sustaining functions 23 Cerebral Cortex Best distinguishes us from other animals 24 Cerebral cortex lobes Frontal Parietal Temporal Occipital 25 Phineas Gage Damage to frontal lobe 26 Corpus Callosum Transmits information from one cerebral hemisphere to the other 27
