Download US_HST_B_Ch.16 - MsSass

 Mussolini attacks Ethiopia
(1935) Hitler arms the Rhineland( Threatens France and
Great Britain
(1938) Hitler blames Austria for treating Germans as
minorities (Annexes Austria by Force)
What is the League of Nations Doing???
U.S. in shock ( Starts building a bigger Navy)
Sept 1938 Hitler takes Czechoslovakia
Sept 1939 Hitler starts to take over Poland with a secret deal
with the Soviet Union. ( Non- Aggression Pact)
THE ROAD TO WW II
The depression opened the door for
rulers such as (Hitler) in Germany and
(Mussolini) Italy. People suffering
looked for help from anyone.
Hitler and Mussolini saw war as a
possible solution to their problems
ADOLF HITLER
Background info
Reasons for coming to power
 Very Bad Economy
 Blamed U.S. and other countries about the Treaty of
Versailles
 No strong political parties
Hitler’s National Socialist German Worker’s Party
takes over ( Nazism)
Hitler’s Views
 FACISM = A system of government
characterized by a rigid one-party dictatorship
the forcible suppression of opposition private
enterprise under centralized governmental
control, and extreme nationalism, racism, and
militarism. ( Started by Mussolini 1922)
 Very Militaristic = Two private armies
• Brown Shirts (SA) = Storm Troopers
 Black Shirts (SS) = Protective Group
Targets of Hitler
Union leaders
Communists
Organized religions
Jews (Belief of the Master Race)
Stages of Persecution
1. Nuremberg laws = Took away all political rights
2. Segregated (ghettos)
3. No phones
4. Made to wear Jewish Star
5. Kristallnacht (Nov.1938) “Night of Broken Glass”
6. Work Camps
7. Death Camps = Torture, Shot, Gas Chambers
8. Committed Genocide = Deliberate and systematic
killing of a population (killed 6,000 a day)
1st time
during the
war that
resistance
fighters in
an area
under
German
control had
staged an
uprising
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"we are segregated and
separated from the world and
the fullness thereof, driven out
of the society of the human
race."
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November 1941 the Nazis
institute the death penalty for
any Jew found beyond the
ghetto walls.
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End of 1941, disease had killed
> 43,000 people or 10% of the
ghetto population
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Nazis actually
deported more
than 300,000 Jews
from the ghetto.
Most of them
were taken to the
Treblinka death
camp. In the fall
of 1942, almost
all the factions in
the ghetto decided
to resist future
deportations.
What happened to the people
of the Warsaw Ghetto?
 All in all, several thousand Jews had been buried in the
debris
 > 56,000 had been captured.
 About 30,000 of them were either immediately shot or
transported to death camps
 The remainder were sent to labor camps
Hitler rises to power in 1933 . . .
What is happening in U.S.?
 4.5 Million Jewish people living in U.S.
 After Kristallnacht (November 1938) FDR would not take victims
in
 “We have a quota system . . .” - FDR
 Wagner-Rogers Bill = opposition

Non-quota entry of 20,000 German children

Rabbi Wise agreed to a limited # of children
 77% of Americans opposed ^ immigration quota for
Germany
 66% did not even want children admitted
 FDR did extend visas for 12,000 Jews already in U.S.
 St. Louis
U.S. during WWII
 News of mass murders reaching U.S.
 July 21, 1942 - 20,000 ppl. Protest Nazi atrocities at Madison
Square Garden
 Americans still unaware of extent of Nazi extermination effort
 August 28, 1942 Wise receives cable from Gerhart Riegner (World
Jewish Congress rep.)
 3.5-4 mil. Jews to be deported and concentrated for
extermination --------> “Final Solution”

Solving the Jewish question in Europe
 Wise took message to Sumner Welles (Under-Secretary of State)
 Wells say wait until confirmed
 Meanwhile in Europe 1,000s of Jewish murdered/ day
U.S. during WWII
 Roosevelt’s action -----> Rescue-Through-Victory
 Criticized by Committee for a Jewish Army of Stateless
and Palestine Jews
 Henry Morgenthau (Secretary of Treasury) decided to
push FDR into action
 Want to save Jewish betheren
 Met with FDR & presented report of mass murders of
Jews
 Morgenthau called for immediate action
 6 days later FDR created the War Refugee Board
FDR Plans for War

Atlantic Charter = Roosevelt and
Churchill met secretly to take on Hitler

Both countries pledged the following:
1.
Collective Security
2.
Disarmament
3.
Self Determination
4.
Economic Cooperation
5.
Freedom of the Seas
 Roosevelt said to Churchill he could not ask Congress for a declaration
of war but “he would wage war” and do “everything” to force an
incident.”
Atlantic Charter
 FRD and Churchill secretly met
 Meeting on the U.S. battleship Augusta
 Churchill hoped for military commitment
 Settled for joint declaration of war aims
 Pledges
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Collective security
Disarmament
Self-determination
Economic cooperation
Freedom of the seas
Japan Attacks the United
States
 Problems that led the U.S. into WW II
1. 1940 U.S. stopped selling planes to Japan
2. Stopped selling metal and oil
3. U.S. worked better with China (Japan’s
Enemy)
4. Japan wanted dominate power in the
Pacific and the U.S. was standing in their
way.
Pearl Harbor
Dec. 7, 1941
 Questions about Pearl Harbor:
 Did we know the attack was coming?
Why on a Sunday?
 The Japanese destroyed many ships, but
not the aircraft carriers, why was this so
important??
 2,400 people died ( Some two weeks later)
How did they die?
BATTLESHIP
ROW
American Reactions
to Pearl Harbor
1. Shock
2. It’s just a minor conflict, the U.S. should
quickly take care of the problem.
3. Declared war on Japan, this directly gets
us involved with Germany and Italy.
 Mainland did not see pictures of
destruction, death, and dismay
Propaganda