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Light Stop Faking It! Strand: Force, Motion, and Energy SOL 5.3 The student will investigate and understand basic characteristics of white light. Key concepts include: The visible spectrum, light waves, reflection, refraction, diffraction, opaque, transparent, translucent; Optical tools (eyeglasses, lenses, flashlight, camera, kaleidoscope, binoculars, microscope light boxes, telescope, prism, spectroscope, mirrors); and Historical contributions in light Essential Knowledge, Skills, and Processes Explain the relationships between wavelength and the color of light. Name the colors of the visible spectrum. ROYGBIV Vocabulary Visible spectrum (visible light): a combination of several different wavelengths of light traveling together. It is part of the Electromagnetic Spectrum. Essential Knowledge, Skills, and Processes Diagram and label a representation of a light wave (wavelength, peak, trough) Vocabulary Waves: a disturbance which carries energy and that travels away from the starting point. Wavelength: the distance between one crest of a wave and the next crest (distance between compressions); red is longest and violet is shortest Peak: the highest point of a light wave Trough: the lowest point of a light wave Frequency: the number of waves (light or sound) produced in a given unit of time, such as a second Essential Knowledge, Skills, and Processes Compare and contrast reflection and refraction Reflection Refraction Vocabulary Reflection: the bouncing of light from a surface Refraction: the bending of light as it passes through one material to another Essential Knowledge, Skills, and Processes Design an investigation to determine what happens to light as it passes through a convex lens. Describe the results. A convex lens causes light to converge, or focus, producing an image that is smaller than the original object. Essential Knowledge, Skills, and Processes Design an investigation to determine what happens to light as it passes through a concave lens. Describe the results. A concave lens causes light to diverge, or spread out, producing a larger image than the original. Essential Knowledge, Skills, and Processes Identify some common optical tools, and describe whether each has lenses, mirrors, and/or prisms in it. These should include: eyeglasses flashlights cameras binoculars microscopes Essential Knowledge, Skills, and Processes Eyeglasses: have lenses No correction needed a. Normal eye b. Myopia (nearsightedness) Corrected with concave lens c. Hyperopia (farsightedness) Corrected with convex lens Essential Knowledge, Skills, and Processes Flashlight: has lenses and a mirror Essential Knowledge, Skills, and Processes Cameras: have lenses, mirrors, and a prism Essential Knowledge, Skills, and Processes Binoculars: have lenses and prisms Essential Knowledge, Skills, and Processes Microscope: has lenses Essential Knowledge, Skills, and Processes Explain the terms transparent, translucent, and opaque, and give an example of each. Plastic wrap Wax paper Aluminum Foil Transparent Translucent Opaque Vocabulary Transparent: materials that allow all light to pass through Translucent: letting light through but scattering it Opaque: materials that do not let light through Transmit: to send (as in sound or light). It also means light passing through an object. Essential Knowledge, Skills, and Processes Analyze the effects of a prism on white light and describe why this occurs. Explain why a rainbow occurs. Essential Knowledge, Skills, and Processes Describe the contributions of these scientists in creating and using optical tools: Galileo Galilei Robert Hooke Anton van Leeuwenhoek Isaac Newton Galileo Galilei Italian Lived from 1564-1642 Developed the refracting telescope Developed the first known example of the microscope Robert Hooke English Lived from 1635-1703 Devised the compound microscope and illumination system Discovered plant cells Examined fossils with a microscope Anton van Leeuwenhoek Dutch; born in Holland Lived 1632-1723 Made over 500 simple microscopes Discovered bacteria, free-living and parasitic microscopic protists Isaac Newton English Lived from 1643-1727 Discovered that white light was not a simple entity, but splits into a range of colors When he passed white light through a glass prism, he noted that a spectrum of light was formed; particle theory of light Reflecting telescope
