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Monera
Chapter 8 Notes
Section 8.1
What is a Moneran?

General Characteristics:
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Prokaryote
_______________
Unicellular
Cell _______
wall
Cell Membrane and ______
Heredity (DNA) material and
Strand of _____________
ribosomes
Two Groups of Monerans
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Heterotrophic:
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Bacteria which breaks down or
_____________
decomposes living or dead things for
energy
_______.
Recycle nutrients back into the world.
_________
Two Groups of Monerans
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Autotrophic
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make their food
Bacteria which ______
Heterotrophic Bacteria
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Eubacteria
_____________
live everywhere
Archaebacteria live only in ________
harsh
conditions.
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Believed to be the first living organisms on earth
Aerobe Bacteria vs. Anaerobe Bacteria
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oxygen
Aerobes: organisms that use _________
for respiration
_______________:
organisms which do
Anaerobes
not use oxygen to live and may die in the
presence of oxygen.
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Example: archeabacteria
Autotrophic Bacteria-Cyanobacteria
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Facts:
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water
Live in _________
_______________
autotrophic
blue ________
green algea because of the
Called ______
blue pigment found in the cell
filaments
Cells grow in chains called ____________
Bloom
_________-dangerous
amounts of this
growing in a pond or lake
Why do you think scientists at one
time classified cyanobacteria in the
Plant Kingdom?
Cyanobacteria
have 2 characteristics
which are found in the Plant Kingdom
Both
cyanobacteria and Plants
have a cell wall and are autotrophic
Monerans in Your Life
Chapter 8 Notes
Section 8.2
What are Monerans used for?
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Medicines, enzymes, fertilizers, making
certain types of _________,
cheeses and cleaning
up oil spills
Uses of Monerans
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Saprophyte-another word for __________
decomposer
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Nitrogen-fixing bacteria
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Live on the roots of peanuts, peas, and other
legumes
___________
Nitrogen
Changes _____________
from the air to a useful
form for plants and animals
bacteria and the ________
plant
Beneficial for both the __________
Why do farmers rotate their crops?
Crops like beans, peas, and peanuts that have
Bacteria that are nitrogen fixing help to
Increase soil fertility
Harmful Monerans
anything

Pathogens-another name for monerans which
causes a ________
disease
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Examples: tetanus, diphtheria, whooping cough, and
anthrax
All are ____________.
heterotrophic
Endospores-thick-walled structure developed to
resist high ______
heat or drying out
Lime Disease
E coli
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Toxins- ________
produced by bacteria
poisons
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Endotoxins-found ________
inside the walls of
bacteria.
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Causes fever, weakness, and damages the circulatory
system
Example: Typhoid Fever
Exotoxins-produced by bacteria and released
into the _____.
host
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Affects the nervous system
Example: diphtheria and botulism
Antibodies and Vaccines
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____________
are medicines that either stop
Antibodies
the reproduction of bacteria or damage the cell
wall
__________
damages particles that cause the
Vaccine
body to produce in an immune response
Pasteurization-invented by _______
Louis
___________
Pasteur
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A process which keeps food free from ________
harmful
____________.
bacteria