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XML Prashant Karmarkar Brendan Nolan Alexander Roda What is XML? A framework for defining markup languages No fixed collection of markup tags each XML language is targeted at its own application domain there is a common set of generic tools for processing documents HTML vs. XML? HTML fixed tag set and tag semantics XML defines no tag set or semantics provides a facility to define tags and the structural relationships between them XML is not a replacement for HTML HTML should ideally just be another XML language XHTML is just that Why is XML useful? XML allows you to create your own markup language XML data can be presented in a variety of ways CSS and XSL Separates data from presentation instructions which enables changing the presentation without altering underlying data XML is well suited as a means of transferring data across platforms Businesses store data in a different structure using different software tools EDI current solution – expensive and not practical except for largest companies XML provides a low cost, low barriers to entry solution for having a universal data format that makes communication across heterogeneous platforms possible Example XML Applications XHTML: <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="en"> <head><title>Hello world!</title></head> <body><p>foobar</p></body> </html> CML: <molecule id="METHANOL"> <atomArray> <stringArray builtin="elementType">C O H H H H</stringArray> <floatArray builtin="x3" units="pm"> -0.748 0.558 -1.293 -1.263 -0.699 0.716 </floatArray> </atomArray> </molecule> The XML Schema • More Rigid than HTML • Uses validation • Comprised of • Elements • Attributes • Values • TallTales.xml – Basic Example • Basic Schema • Organization of data Processing Schemas Example of CSS processing Css stylesheets can control: Font Color of text Positioning of content Note the declaration. TallTales.xml---->Through---->css file Processing xml cont. Css files not sufficient XSL allows for Reuse of document data Calculate quantities and store values Generate dynamic text Takes an initial schema (tree) and creates another tree. (“Results Tree”) XSL Continued XSL consist of three languages: XSLT – Transforms vocabulary XSL FO – Formats a schema XPATH – An expression language Used Vehicle example Creating your own Data modeling enables custom language Two Approaches DTD – DOCUMENT TYPE DEFINITION XSD –XML SCHEMA DOCUMENTS Insure validation Web Services Self Describing Self-Contained Modular Applications Published Located Invoked Over the web What are Web Services, anyway? TCP/IP - Universal Networking Protocol HTML – Universal User Interface Java –Universal Coding Language XML – Language for Universal Data Open, Cross Platform Standards Where is the Web heading More dynamic content Bandwidth is getting cheaper Storage is getting cheaper Pervasive Computing is becoming more important Where do Web Services fit in? Web Services can be used to combine the content from various sources Web Service can now deliver types of content (streaming video or audio ) Web Service can deal with massive amounts of data intelligently (Databases, LDAP directories, caches and load balancing factors) Users need not require to run traditional browsers on some version of Windows.Web Service can be used to serve all sorts of devices, platforms and browser types Enabling Technologies for Web Services XML SOAP
