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1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Hypothesis Theory Kingdom Law Genus A. B. C. D. E. First word of the two word name that groups species Explanation of things events on scientific knowledge. Statement about how things work in nature that seems true all the time First and largest category for classification An experiment that can be tested 1. What happens in the Stroma of the Chloroplast and what is produced? 2. What happens if the Light reaction stops working? 3. What are to 2 main functions of Photosynthesis? TURN IN YOUR WARM-UPS FROM THIS WEEK UP FRONT. (THERE WERE 2) YOU HAVE 15 MINUTES TO SET UP ANYTHING YOU NEED FOR YOUR POSTER. WE WILL UP. START PROMPTLY AFTER THE TIME IS Explain the difference between the vocabulary words Control – Variable Law – Theory Theory - Hypothesis 1. 2. 3. Which of these units would you use to measure the volume of a coke can? A. grams B. centimeter C. milliliter D. liter Name the steps of the Scientific method from the chart. Lets say that after you have done an experiment you have found that the conclusion does not support the hypothesis. What do you do next? Write out the question and the answer What are the 3 particles that make up an atom and what are their charges(+), (–), (=)? What are the 3 most abundant elements in the human body? What is a compound? (TURN IN ESSAY) 1. Covalent Bond 2. Ionic Bond 3. Hydrogen Bond 4. Mixture 5. Molecule A. an attraction between a slightly positive and a slightly negative atom. (weak bond.) B. a combination of substances in which individual substances retain their own properties. C. bond where electrons are shared between atoms (strong bond) D. bond between oppositely charged ions. (medium strength bond) E. two or more atoms held together by covalent bonds. Write the Question and the Answer!!! There are 3 things that water is important for in living things. What are 2 of the 3? When an atom loses an electron it becomes a __________ _____? Which particle in an atom is the only one that is responsible for chemical reactions? 1. What is the difference between a variable and a control? 2. Name the 3 types of bonds we covered and put in order of their strength. 3. What is a polar molecule and give an example of one of these molecules? Take out notes for me to check Name the 4 carbon-based molecules Name a function for each. 1. How do you form a Scientific Theory? 2. Organic molecules always contain what element? 3. What is a polymer and what is a monomer? Turn Turn in Unit Test 1 Review on the counter. in your Note Packet to me after you take the test! 1. Cytoplasm A. Structures in an eukaryotic cell that is responsible for cell processes. 2. Golgi Bodies B. Plant-cell organelle that uses light energy to produce sugar from CO2 and water. 3. Mitochondrion 4. Organelles C. Packages cellular material and transports it in and out of the cell. D. Organelle that makes protein. 5. Ribosome 6. Chloroplast E. Gel-like mixture inside the cell. F. Organelle that produces the energy for the cell to function. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Golgi Bodies A. Delivery vehicles for the cell B. Transports cellular material Vacuoles within the cell C. Packaging area to move Vesicles substances out of the cell D. Endoplasmic Reticulum with Rough ER ribosomes attached E. Storage area for plant cells ER 1. Give me the Function of the following organelles Chloroplast Mitochondrion Golgi Bodies Ribosome Endoplasmic Reticulum 2. What is the main difference between plant and animal cells? Come up with 3 questions you’ll be able to ask during your presentation, which starts tomorrow. • Examples could be: Ask about what your organelle does for the cell Or, asking the class about the analogy. Also, ask the class what would happen if it were gone from the cell (Be original and come with your own ?’s) You must ask 3 Questions, so the class can respond to the questions Presentation must talk about each of the questions that you answered in your handout. Make sure that everyone contributes about equal proportions when you present to the class. • Maybe decide who will be responsible for different questions that they will explain. 1. What are the 3 things all cells have in common? 2. What are the 3 statements in the Cell Theory? 3. What is the major difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells? Turn in your Review assignment up front along with your Presentation Notes. I will go over 3 questions from the homework only after everyone has turned those in. 1. In Fig. 6, what is the analogy that they show and why did they pick that analogy? 2. What is diffusion? 3. In Fig. 9, how do some root cells take in minerals? What type of transport? 1. 2. 3. Passive transport Active transport A. Meaning: going into the cell B. Does not take energy C. Movement of material from an area of high concentration to area of low concentration When molecules of one substance are spread out evenly throughout another substance Takes energy Endocytosis 4. Diffusion D. 5. Equilibrium E. 1. What’s one function of the cell membrane? 2. What is the name of the lipid that makes up the cell membrane? 3. What are the 2 regions of the lipid and what are their characteristics? 4. What was the model used for the cell membrane and “Why”? 1. When water goes into the cell what type of solution was the cell put into? 2. What is Osmosis? 3. What is Active Transport? 4. What are the 2 types of Active Transport? Write the Correct Term for the following 1. When molecules of one substance are spread evenly throughout another. 2. Meaning: leaving a cell 3. No change will happen to the cell when placed in this kind of solution. WE HAVE A NEW SEATING CHART! 1. Reflection: Up to this point this year, have you been successful in my academics, sports or other areas. 3-4 sentences Remember what John Wooden said success was, “piece of mind in knowing I did the best I possibly could with the ability I was given.” After discuss with the person next to you about what you wrote. I will ask a few of you to share with the class about how they believe their year is going. 1. Enzyme 2. Photosynthesis A. Is a type of protein that is needed for chemical reactions to take place in cells B. Is the usable energy in the cell. 3. ATP 4. Light Reactions 5. Thylakoids C. Reactions that takes place within the thylakoids, Water and sunlight needed for this reaction. D. Coined-shaped, membrane-enclosed compartments in the chloroplast. E. Process that captures energy from the sun to make sugars. 1. What is the reaction that takes place in the stroma? 2. What happens if the light reactions does not take place? 3. What is the combined equation for photosyntesis? 1. What are the 2 types of Respiration? 2. What is the Function of Cellular Respiration? 3. How many ATP are made overall in Cellular Respiration? 4. What is the combined equation for Respiration? How is it similar to Photosynthesis and how is it different? Purpose: To investigate the process of fermentation and whether the amount of sugar effects the speed of fermentation. Hypothesis: Answer this question: Does more sugar cause more CO2 to form? Materials per group: - Test Tubes - 2 : 10 mL grad cylinders - -Yeast mixture - 2% sucrose solution. Procedure: I will go over it after Pre-Lab. Data: Copy the data table from the hand-out. 1. If I have a ½ of a DNA strand with bases (ATAGTCATACGCG) what is the corresponding DNA strand? 2. What are 3 parts of a nucleotide? 3. What are the 3 steps of replication. State the Central Dogma and include the processes that are involved in it? 1. Gene A. Any permanent change in DNA 2. Mutation B. Used X-rays to discover DNA’s structure 3. tRNA 4. Rosalind Franklin 5. Watson & Crick C. Carries amino acids to the ribosome to make protein D. Developed the first model of DNA E. Coded DNA instructions that code for a specific protein or enzyme What 3 parts does DNA consist of? What are the base pairs for DNA; for RNA? TURN IN AFTER YOU ARE FINISHED! 1. Mitosis A. Condensed DNA; the 2. Chromosom B. When cells have pairs of e structure that contains hereditary material similar chromosomes C. Process in which the 3. Diploid nucleus divides and produces two identical cells 1. What happens during interphase? 2. Which stage in mitosis do chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell? 3. Cytokinesis is the process of what? 1. Where is mRNA transcribed? 2. What happens to a DNA strand during the process of transcription? 3. How many chromosomes do cells have after meiosis? 1. What happens to a cell during interphase? 2. What type of cell does meiosis produce? 3. What step is it where chromosomes start to uncoil and a new nucleus starts to form. Heterozygous (Rr) organism which has Blue hair is crossed with a Homozygous recessive organism with Orange hair organism (rr) Fill out the Punnet Square and give me the - Genotypes - Phenotypes 1. In what year was the sheep cloned? 2. What was the sheep’s name? 3. In what year was actor Christopher Reeve injured What body organ does Andrea need? In what year was the salamander cloned? How many times did it take before scientist were able to clone a sheep? 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. How many cells does it take to clone a human? How many dogs did the clone family have? Who gave Andrea the organ that she needed? In what year was the first cat clone born? 1. What are the 3 most abundant elements that make up the human body? 2. What are the 4 organic compounds? 3. What are the monomers of these 4 organic compounds? 1. What are the 2 types of cells and what makes them different from each other? 2. What are the functions of the cell membrane? 3. What is the equation for photosynthesis? 4. How are the equations for Photosynthesis and Respiration related? 1. What is the proper sequence for mitosis? 2. What is the Central Dogma? 3. What are the base pairs for DNA? For RNA? 1. Alleles 2. Dominant 3. Genotype A. Gene that covers up the other allele. B. The genetic makeup of an organism C. An organism that has two 4. Heterozygous different alleles for a trait. D. Different forms of a trait that make up a gene pair. Complete Figures 5-10 Include the Figure #, Figure Title, and a short summary of the figure. Take about 15-20 minutes to complete We will go over these after the 20 minutes are up. Vocabulary will then be posted after we go over the figures. 1. Incomplete A. An allele that can be found on dominance a sex chromosome. B. Tool that can be used by 2. Polygenic geneticist to tract traits inheritance through family’s generations C. Trait that is produced by a 3. Sex-linked combination of many genes. disorders D. When the offspring of two homozygous parents show an 4. Pedigree intermediate phenotype. 1. What chromosome do you find a sexlinked trait? 2. Give an example of how the environment might influence how your genes are expressed? Turn in Warm-Up after we go over ?’s Questions based off the activity on Friday 1. If you display a dominant trait, do you know your genotype? Defend your answer. 2. Six fingers and toes is dominant over 5 fingers and toes. Why don’t we see more 6-fingered, 6-toed people? Respond to 1 of the following 2 quotes: “Young men are apt to think themselves wise enough, as drunken men are apt to think themselves sober enough” - Lord Chesterfield “All change is not growth, as all movement is not forward” - Ellen Glasgow Turn in Warm-Up after we go over some responses 1. What is genetic engineering? 2. Explain what Recombinant DNA is. 3. Explain what Gene Therapy is. What’s the disease that the video is talking about? What damage can this disease have on an individual? What was the only known cure for the disease for Chris? What is the new possible treatment for this disease? Is this new treatment a possibility for humans? You need to turn in your Note Packet up to me within 5 minutes of the start of class. Or else I am considering it late! Also I will collect the Warm-Ups from this week. Turn to your books to pg. 154 where the title says Ideas About Evolution. 1. What was the key stop of Darwin’s Voyage on Fig.2? 2. What is the importance of the different beaks shape’s of the birds Darwin observed in Fig. 3? 3. How are we able to know what species, from thousands or millions of year ago, looked like? (Fig.1) Species - Gradualism Evolution - Punctuated Equilibrium Natural Selection Variation Adaptation (WORD, DEFINITION, PICTURE) 1. Natural Selection 2. Evolution 3. Variation A. An inherited trait that makes an individual different from its species. B. Survival of the fittest C. Change in inherited characteristics over time 1. Species 2. Adaptation 3. Gradualism 4. Punctuated Equilibrium A. Organism that share similar characteristics and reproduce among themselves. B. An evolutionary theory that change takes place slowly over a period of time. C. Rapid evolution over a relatively short period of time. D. Variation that makes an organism better suited to the environment 1. When a species is separated by a geological structure and they become two different species over time we call it this. 2. Describe what happens in genetic drift. 1. Radioactive dating 2. Vestigial Structure 3. Homologous structures A. Body parts that are similar in origin and structure B. A way of dating fossils by the amount of radioactive material it gives off. C. Structure that seems to serve no purpose but may have to some distant ancestor. 1. In the Green River Region, how are they able to know what that region once looked liked? What did they find? 2. How did bacteria become resistant to penicillin over the course of 50 years? What type of evolution is this an example of? Turn in Warm-Ups for this week. Five minutes to study and then we take the Quiz. 1. What is embryology? 2. What are some examples of homologous structures? 3. What are some examples of vestigial structures? "You cannot dream yourself into a character; you must hammer and forge yourself one." - Henry David Thoreau "Millions saw the apple fall, but Newton was the one who asked why." - Bernard Baruch 1. What is an example of two biomes that are similar to each other. Why? 2. What is an example of two biomes that are different from each other. Why? Turn in warm-up after we go over questions 1. What are some examples of producers (Fig. 12) 2. What is the difference between a population and a community? 3. Which biome has the greatest variety of life? 1. What is the major process that autotrophs use to get energy from the sun? 2. What is the type of heterotroph that only eats dead matter or remains? 3. What is the difference between a food web and food chain? 1. What is a symbiotic relationship? 2. Give an example of Commensalism 3. What is Mutualism? 1. What is the ultimate source of energy? 2. As you move upward on the trophic chart what happens to the energy? 3. What is an abiotic factor? TURN IN LAB AFTER THE WARM-UP 1. Give an example of a decomposer. 2. What is an example of an animal that would be found at the top of a trophic pyramid? 3. A vulture is an example of what type of consumer? 1. What is a cell membrane and what is its purpose? 2. What is a (give me one) difference between a Animal cell and a Plant cell? 3. What might the term semi-permeable mean and how would it relate to the cell membrane? 1. What organelle is called the power plant of the cell? 2. What organelle transports materials within the cell? 3. What are the reactants and products of respiration? 1. What is the difference between a eukaryotic cell and a prokaryotic cell? 2. The function of the golgi body is to ________ proteins and to _________ proteins out of the cell. 3. Organisms that make their own food are called _________. 1. What do we call a simple sugar? (ex. glucose) 2. The large macromolecules formed from many simple sugars put together is called? 3. Proteins are polymers of molecules called ________. (the monomer) -Turn in after we go over questions 1. How does birthrates and death rates influence the size of a population? 2. Why are food and water the limiting factors that usually have the greatest effect on population size? Write out the question! 1. This chart indicates what about the population? 2. What is the difference between immigration and emigration? 3. What type of graph do we get when we have ideal conditions with unlimited resources. Each Table needs: • A beaker of beans • 2 red pipe cleaner squares • Blue sheet for each person (found on front table) • Yellow procedure sheet for each person. Do so immediately, failure to do so will result in you not completing this assignment in time. 1. What are three factors that lead to population growth? 2. From the video we watched, what is the projected human population in 50 years? 3. What is carrying capacity? 1. What are the two sex cells? 2. What is the structure that contains our hereditary information? 3. What does meiosis produce? 4. What phase in mitosis do chromosomes duplicate?