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Amines
By: Hannah Singer,
Stephen Caldwell, Bryan
Rivera
1st period
Basic Structures!
 Primary: the “R” is only bonded in one place
in this type of bond
 Secondary: The “R” is bonded in two places
in this bond
 Tertiary: The “R” is bonded in three places in
this bond.
Characteristics!
 The Amines are the organic chemistry relatives of ammonia
 However in amines one or more of the hydrogen atoms on
the ammonia molecule are replaced by alkyl chains
 Amines with one alkyl group are primary amines, with two
they are secondary, and with three they are tertiary amines.
 Like ammonia, amines are bases. Compared to alkali metal
hydroxides, amines are weaker
 Important amines include amino acids, biogenic amines,
and aniline
Characteristics cont.
 Amines with small alkyl groups are very soluble in water
 The larger the alkyl chain, the less soluble it is in water
 When a amine picks up a proton, this forms ammonium
salt.
Dextromethorphan
hydrobromide
(cough
suppressant)
Nomenclature
 Primary amines can be named by replacing the e with the word
amine. The prefix can also be amino. amine can also be named
by naming the parent group followed by a space and the word
amine.
 Ex: propane = propanamine, aminopropane, or propyl amine.
 Secondary amines can be named by replacing the e with the
word amine and using an upper case N.
 The prefix can be changed to amino. Ex: propane = N-methyl-1propanamine, N-methyl-1-aminopropane, methyl 1-propyl
amine.
3.Tertiary amines can be named the same way as secondary,
just add an extra N.
Mechanisms
 Mechanisms:
1. R1NH2 An alkyl group and two hydrogen atoms, attached
to a nitrogen atom.
2. R2NH Pair of alkyl groups, attached to a hydrogen and
nitrogen atom.
3. R3N Three alkyl groups attached to a nitrogen atom.
Examples
 1. amino acids
 2. biogenic amines
 3. trimethylamine
 4. inorganic amines
 5. amine oxides.
Real World Importance
 An amine that is important would be the Biogenic Amine
 Biogenic amines are natural antinutrition factors and are
important from a hygienic point of view as they have been
implicated as the causative agents in a number of food
poisoning episodes, and they are able to initiate various
pharmacological reactions
Real World Importance
 Examples that are considered to be the most important
biogenic amines occurring in foods
 Histamine, putrescine, cadaverine, tyramine, tryptamine, βphenylethylamine, spermine, and spermidine
 These amines are designated as biogenic because they are
formed by the action of living organisms.
Real World Importance
 Biogenic amines may also be considered as carcinogens
because of their ability to react with nitrites to form potentially
carcinogenic nitrosamines.
 The biogenic amine content of various foods and feed have
been widely studied and found in cheese, fish and meat
products, eggs and mushrooms
 Food substances that have been prepared by a fermentative
process, or have been exposed to microbial contamination
during aging or storage, are likely to contain amines.
What is the organic
chemistry relative of
Amine?
Ammonia
True or False
Amines with small groups of
Alkyl are not soluble in water?
False
They are very soluble
What is the main letter of the Basic
Structure of Amine?
A
D
R
E
R
True or False
The smaller the alkly chain,
the more soluble it is in water
FALSE
The larger the alky chain the
less soluble it is in water
What was the Functional Group we
talked about?
Amine
Work Cited
 PAC, 1995, 67, 1307 (Glossary of class names of organic
compounds and reactivity intermediates based on
structure (IUPAC Recommendations 1995)) on page 1315
 http://www.4college.co.uk/a/dp/amine.php
 http://chemistry.boisestate.edu/people/richardbanks/organic/n
omenclature/aminenomenclature1.htm
 http://www.chemistry-drills.com/functionalgroups.php?q=simple
 http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S096399699
600066X