Download chapter 12 - excretion

 HOW
DO WE REMEMBER ALL THE LIFE
PROCESSES?

H.N.T.R.S.G.E.R.M.R
 WHICH

ONES HAVE WE COVERED?
NUTRITION & TRANSPORT & RESPIRATION
 WHAT’S
NEXT ON THE LIST?
 WHY ARE WE SKIPPING TO “E”?

EXCRETION
 WHAT

DEFINTION 


IS EXCRETION?
THE PROCESS BY WHICH METABOLIC WASTES ARE
REMOVED
WHAT IS A METABOLIC WASTE?

PRODUCTS OF THE LIFE PROCESSES (CHEMICAL
REACTIONS) THAT ARE NOT NEEDED BY THE
ORGANISM…IF THEY BUILD UP IN CONCETRATION THEY
CAN BE TOXIC!!
 WHAT
ARE EXAMPLES OF METABOLIC WASTES?
IN OTHER WORDS, WHAT ARE PRODUCTS OF
REACTIONS IN THE BODY THAT WE DON’T
USE??
 THE



MAJOR METABOLIC WASTES ARE
CARBON DIOXIDE
WATER
NITROGEN COMPOUNDS (EX. AMMONIA & UREA)
 EXCRETION
IS THE PROCESS BY WHICH THESE
SUBSTANCES ARE REMOVED FROM THE BODY
 HOW IS CARBON DIOXIDE REMOVED?


RESPIRATION / GAS EXCHANGE
SEE THE OVERLAP IN LIFE PROCESSES?
 BEFORE
WE CONTINUE, EVERYONE MUST BE
WARNED NOT TO CONFUSE
EXCRETION
WITH
ELIMINATION!!!
 EXCRETION




IN PROTISTS
DO THEY NEED AN EXCRETORY SYSTEM?
HOW DO THEY GET RID OF CARBON DIOXIDE?
HOW DO THEY GET RID OF WATER?
HOW DO THEY GET RID OF NITROGENOUS
WASTES?
 EXCRETION

IN HYDRAS?
DO THEY NEED AN EXCRETORY SYSTEM?
 EXCRETION

IN EARTHWORMS?
DO THEY NEED AN EXCRETORY SYSTEM?


HOW DO THEY REMOVE
CARBON DIOXIDE?
HOW DO THEY REMOVE
NITROGENOUS WASTE?
 EXCRETION

IN EARTHWORMS
SPECIAL STRUCTURE CALLED A NEPHRIDIA

FILTERS OUT THE NITROGENOUS WASTE FROM THE
BLOOD, THEN SHIPS IT OUT IN THE FORM OF URINE TO
TINY “PORES” IN THE SKIN
 EXCRETION

IN GRASSHOPPERS?
DO THEY NEED AN EXCRETORY SYSTEM?


HOW DO THEY REMOVE CARBON DIOXIDE?
HOW DO THEY REMOVE NITROGENOUS WASTES?
 EXCRETION

IN GRASSHOPPERS
MALPIGHIAN
TUBULES
FILTER BLOOD
AND PASS
URIC ACID
TO THE
INTESTINE
TO MIX WITH
FECES
 EXCRETION

IN HUMANS
DO HUMANS NEED AN EXCRETORY SYSTEM?


HOW DO THEY REMOVE CARBON DIOXIDE?
HOW DO THEY REMOVE NITROGENOUS WASTES?
 EXCRETION

IN HUMANS
WHERE DO NITROGENOUS WASTES COME FROM?

LIVER

DETOXIFICATION


BILE FORMATION


REMOVES HARMFUL
SUBSTANCES FROM THE BLOOD
EXCESS BILE IS REMOVED IN
FECES
UREA FORMATION

RESULTS FROM BREAKDOWN
OF AMINO ACIDS
 EXCRETION

IN HUMANS
WHERE DO NITROGENOUS WASTES COME FROM?

BREAKDOWN OF AMINO ACIDS
 EXCRETION


IN HUMANS
WHEN AMINO ACID IS BROKEN DOWN, AMMONIA
(NH3) IS FORMED…BUT THAT IS TOO POISONOUS
TO BE TRANSPORTED
IN THE BLOOD, SO IT IS
CONVERTED, BY THE
LIVER, INTO A
DIFFERENT
NITROGENOUS COMPOUND
CALLED UREA
UREA IS ABLE TO BE TRANSPORTED IN THE BLOOD,
BUT MUST THEN BE FILTERED OUT TO BE
EXCRETED!!
 EXCRETION

IN HUMANS
THE URINARY SYSTEM
 EXCRETION


IN HUMANS
THE URINARY SYSTEM IS RESPONSIBLE FOR
FILTERING UREA OUT OF THE BLOOD FOR IT TO BE
EXCRETED
MAJOR STRUCTURES




KIDNEY** 
 FILTER
URETER 
 CONNECTING TUBE
BLADDER 
 URINE STORAGE
URETHRA 
 EXIT TUBE

EXCRETION IN HUMANS

**HOW DO THE KIDNEYS WORK?

THEY CONTAIN
MANY, MANY
N
E
P
H
R
O
N
S
 EXCRETION

NEPHRONS
IN HUMANS
 EXCRETION

IN HUMANS
NEPHRON MAJOR STRUCTURES




GLOMERULUS
 BALL OF
CAPILLARIES
BOWMAN’S CAPSULE
 FILTER
LOOP OF HENLE
 REABSORPTION
COLLECTING DUCT
 URINE COLLECTION
 EXCRETION

IN HUMANS
URINARY SYSTEM REMINDER
 EXCRETION

IN HUMANS
SOME UREA IS LOST IN SWEAT, ALSO
 EXCRETION


IN HUMANS
THE SKIN’S SWEAT GLANDS PRODUCES SWEAT
WHICH HELPS
REMOVE UREA
*SWEAT IS 99% H2O
SWEAT ALSO HELPS
REMOVE EXCESS
HEAT!!
 EXCRETION

IN HUMANS
EXCRETORY DISORDERS





CIRRHOSIS
JAUNDICE
GOUT
KIDNEY STONES
KIDNEY FAILURE
 WHAT’S
NEXT ON OUR LIFE PROCESS LIST?
 RESPONSE

YOU NEED TO BE ABLE TO MOVE IN ORDER TO
RESPOND…WHICH MEANS YOU NEED…
SUPPORT
AND
LOCOMOTION
NEXT!!!