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SEXUALLY
TRANSMITTED
DISEASES
WHAT IS STD?
STD is the invasion of an organism in body
tissue…..
Transmitted from one person to another….
During sexual contact
WHAT DOES STD HAVE
TO DO WITH ME?
KARA
 Steady partner of
Bruce for two years
 Pregnant but doesn’t
know
BRUCE
 Steady partner of Kara
for the past two years
 Had sex with Becky six
weeks ago after a fight
with Kara
 HIV positive, but doesn’t
know – never tested
BECKY

Had sex one time with
Bruce

Occasionally has sex
with Brad

Sometimes likes to “party”
& usually ends up having
sex with James

Has chlamydia with no
symptoms
JAMES
 Injection drug user
 Never uses condoms
 Takes home a different girl
every night
 Has herpes
 Has hepatitis C
BRAD
Has had sex with Becky
Had sex with Chris once
when he got high at a party
Has sex with Shelby
CHRIS
 Homosexual
 No steady partner
 Sometimes uses condoms
 Has hepatitis B
SHELBY
 “Steady” partner of Brad
 Unaware that Brad has
sex with anyone but her
BRUCE
BECKY
HIV +
Chlamydia - likes
to “party”
(Unknown)
JAMES
IDU, herpes
Hepatitis C
???
KARA
BRAD
SHELBY
Pregnant
Got “high” at a
party –
homosexual?
Only has sex with
brad
(Unknown)
“Monogamous”
CHRIS
Homosexual
Hepatitis b
???
HOW COMMON IS STD?
Of the top ten most frequently reported
diseases in the U.S. in 1995, half accounting for 87% of all cases - were
sexually transmitted (CDC)
The U.S. has the highest rates of
curable STDs in the developed world
WHAT HAS HAMPERED
EFFORTS TO PREVENT
STDs IN THE PAST?
“…Nice people don’t talk about
syphilis, nice people don’t have
syphilis, and nice people shouldn’t
do anything about those who do
have syphilis.”
Dr. Thomas Parran, “Why Can’t We Stamp Out
Syphilis?”
Reader’s Digest / July 1936:65
BACTERIAL
STDs
CURABLE?
 Syphilis - 70,000 new cases annually
 Gonorrhea
- 650,000 each year
 Chlamydia
- 3 million (most common)
American Social Health Association
VIRAL STDS
VIRAL STDs
 Result in lifelong incurable infection
 Some American adults think that all
STDs are curable
INCURABLE?
 HIV / AIDS
 Herpes
 Genital warts (HPV)
 Hepatitis B /C (vaccine?)
STD INFECTIONS INCREASE
SUSCEPTIBILITY TO HIV
People with active STD are:
 3-5 times more likely to contract HIV
 3-5 times more likely to infect others
with HIV
TRANSMISSION OF STDs
OCCURS THROUGH FOUR
BASIC ROUTES
1. SEMEN/VAGINAL
FLUID TRANSMITS:
 HIV
 Gonorrhea
 Chlamydia
 Hepatitis B
VIA:
Intimate sexual activities in which
fluids are passed from an infected
person to another person
CAN BE PREVENTED BY:
Avoiding activities that increase contact
with body fluids
Using a latex barrier
2. BLOOD TRANSMITS:
 HIV
 Hepatitis B/C
VIA:

Needles and drug paraphernalia

Sexual activities

Blood products
CAN BE PREVENTED BY:

Not sharing needles - any!

Cleaning needles?

Not having sex when blood is present

Latex barriers
3.
SKIN TO SKIN CONTACT
TRANSMITS:

Syphilis

Herpes

Genital warts (HPV)
VIA:
Direct contact with infected parts of
body during periods of contagion
THESE INCLUDE TOUCHING OF:
 Prodomal or active herpes lesions (visible or not)
 Primary syphilis lesions
 HPV infected site (visible or not)
CAN BE PREVENTED BY:

Avoiding activities that involve skin
to skin contact

Latex barriers
4. NEONATAL TRANSMISSION
 HIV
 Hepatitis B/C
 Syphilis
 Chlamydia
 Gonorrhea
 HPV
 Herpes
VIA:
 Infection in utero (HIV, syphilis, HPV, herpes)
 During birth process (all listed)
 Through breastfeeding (HIV)
CAN BE PREVENTED BY:

Screening and treatment of STDs

Risk reduction during pregnancy

C-Section?

Not breastfeeding?
STD WARNING SIGNS
 Excess discharge or unusual smell from the
vagina
 Irritation, discomfort, itching, swelling,
soreness,or pain in or around the vagina or
rectum
 Genital sores, blisters, rashes, bumps, or
growths (even if they don’t hurt)
WARNING SIGNS, contd.
 Painful urination
 Swollen glands in the groin
 Abdominal pain
 Bleeding
INFECTION FROM ORAL SEX:
 Swelling, soreness, redness in throat
 Fevers, chills, aches
 Sores, white patches in mouth
REMEMBER!
It is possible to have an STD
and have no signs at all –
ESPECIALLY FOR WOMEN
Q: Which of these people has an STD?
A:
Who knows!
THE THREE R’S OF STD
RISK

STDs can cause serious risks – even
death

There is more chance of getting herpes,
chlamydia, etc., than HIV

STDs increase the risk for HIV
RECOGNITION
 Symptoms can appear 3 days to 3 weeks
after sex
 Sore(s) around the genital area
 Rash
 Discharge
RESPONSE
 See a health care provider
 No sex until adequately treated
 Talk to partners(s) and treat also
 Take medication as directed
HEALTH CONSEQUENCES
Millions of men, women and children
affected by long term complications
 Various cancers
 Ectopic pregnancy
 Spontaneous abortion
 Other chronic diseases
INFERTILITY
At least 15% of all infertile
American women are infertile
because of damage resulting
from an STD
PELVIC INFLAMMATORY DISEASE
If not adequately treated:
 20-40% of women infected with chlamydia
 10-40% infected with gonorrhea
Will develop PID
CHLAMYDIA
Treatment of the consequences of chlamydia
is estimated to be 12 times greater than the
cost of screening and treatment
EACH YEAR IN THE U.S.
 More than 1 million women with acute PID
 Highest rate among teenagers
 More than 100,000 women become infertile
 In 1997 estimated $7 billion spent on PID and its
complications
NIAID/ NIH
DISEASE PREVENTION
& REDUCTION
RISKIEST BEHAVIORS
 Unprotected
anal sex (not just MSM)
 Unprotected vaginal sex
 Injection drug use
 Multiple partners
TESTING
DOES NOT
EQUAL PREVENTION
IT’S NOT WHO
YOU ARE….
IT’S WHAT YOU
DO!
POINTS TO CONSIDER:
 The U.S has high rates of STD
 Bacterial STDs can be cured – but symptoms?
 STDs are transmitted through four routes
 Importance of prevention/risk reduction/early
detection
 It’s not who you are…….