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Ketones and Aldehydes
Aldehyde? What?
Aldehyde: An organic molecule with an oxygen double
bonded to one of the two outer carbons on the chain.
Aldehyde Nomenclature

Ignore the oxygen and
name

→
→ Pentane




Remove the 'e' from the end
of the name
Add 'al' to the end
That is now the name of the
aldehyde

Pentane → Pentan

Pentan → Pentanal

Pentanal =
Aldehyde Common Nomenclature

Get the name of the
carboxilic acid closest
to representing the
molecule


→
→ Formic Acid

Remove 'ic Acid'

Formic Acid → Form

Add 'aldehyde'

Formaldehyde
That is now the name of
your original molecule

Formaldehyde =

Ketone? What?
Ketone: An organic molecule with an oxygen double
bonded to an inner carbon on the chain
Ketone Nomenclature





Ignore the oxygen and
name
Remove the 'e' at the
end


→
→Pentane

Pentane → Pentan
Add 'one' to the end

Pentan → Pentanone
Number the carbons and
place the oxygen

Pentanone→3-Pentanone

3-Pentanone =
That is now the name of
the original molecule
Ketone Common Nomenclature



Split the molecule into
two sections, the
carbons before and after
the ketone

→

→
Name the sections

Turn the sections into
groups and put it
together with 'ketone' at
the end


→ Methane
→ Ethane
Methyl Ethyl Ketone
It's a simple question of weight ratios!
Priorities
Carboxilic Acid
Esters
Aldehyde
Ketone
Alcohols
Amines
Ethers
Everything Else
The Uses of Aldehyde and Ketones (and the
uselessness of titles)
Aldehydes – used in the manufacturing of resins, dyes,
and organic acids
Ketones – used in perfumes and paints as a stabilizer
Formaldehyde – Used in tanning, preserving, and
embalming and as a germicide, fungicide, and
insecticide for plants and vegetables
Methyl Ethyl Ketone (MEK) – solvent, poison, used
in rubber based cement and ink
Stop. Who would cross the Bridge of Death must answer
me these questions three, ere the other side he see.


3,4-dimethyl 3-phenyl
2-pentanone
2,4,6 tripentyl heptanal
Then shalt thou count to three, no more,
no less. Three shall be the number thou
shalt count, and the number of the
counting shall be three. Four shalt thou
not count, neither count thou two,
excepting that thou then proceed to
three. Five is right out.
One... Two... Five!!!
Three Sir!
THREE!!
LAB TIME!!!