Download Power Point 1 - G. Holmes Braddock

SC.912.L.14.7
By: Joselyn Turcios
Roots
Anchors the plant in place and prevent
the plant from moving
 Absorbs water and nutrients from the soil
 Stores water and food in certain types of
plants
 Provides host sites for bacteria and fungi
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Stems
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They are an organ that holds upright the plants
so they absorb sunlight and air
Transports water and minerals from the roots to
the leaves
Each node is a bud of meristem tissue that
divides and specializes to form a certain
structure
Ground tissue forms the interior of the stem
which fills water to support the plant
Bundles of vascular tissue run through the
ground tissue of a stem and transports fluids
Leaves
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Stores food and water and modified to meet
necessary functions
The tissues are made of cells
◦ Example: Mesophyll cells
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Major job for leaves is to accomplish
photosynthesis
Are flat and thin that allows sunlight to
penetrate the deepest tissues of the leaf
Leaves are the primary site of
photosynthesis
Flowers
Are an reproductive organ that are
monoecious and diecious
 Pollen and ovules are produced normally
through the process of meiosis
 Visually attracts pollinators sometimes even
with scented attracted like nectar
 Insects get attracted and transfer pollen
between the flowers and help to pollinate
 Provides a platform for fertilized ovules to
develop and distribute flower and seeds
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Fruit
An ovarian organ
 Only found in angiosperms
 Protects the seeds which the contain the
embryo and endosperm in the seed coat
 The flesh of the fruit attracts animals to
spread the seeds
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Cones
An organ that contains reproductive
structures
 Female cones contain ovules, when
fertilized by pollen they become seeds
 Male cones produces pollen that are
usually herbaceous
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Photosynthesis
Process used by plants and other
autotrophic organisms that convert light
into energy from the sun
 Photosynthetic tissue in a leaf is called
mesophyll
 Chlorophyll are pigments of
photosynthesis produced in chloroplasts
in the photosynthetic tissues of leaves
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Cellular Respiration
Plants use respiration to convert the
energy in glucose molecules
 This process consumes glucose and
oxygen same as in animals
 The energy released during the break
down of carbonhydrates is stored in
specialized molecules for later use
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Transportation
Plants with a transport system are called
Vascular plants
 Transports water, minerals, and food for
the plant
 Xylem and phloem transport the water,
nutrients, and starch to the various parts
of the plants
 The transporting system extends from the
roots through the stems
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Growth and Reproduction
Plants show a indeterminate growth
Meristematic tissues continues to rapidly
divide that produces undifferentiated cells
 Plants do not have a pre-programmed body
plan
 Reproduction in plants is either sexual or
asexual
 Sexual reproduction produces an offspring
by the fusion of gametes
 Asexual reproduction are do not produce an
offspring with the fusion of gametes
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Meristematic
Is the tissue in most plants consisting of
meristematic cells
 It is located in the apical meristems at the
growing point of stems and roots
 Meristematic cells permit growth of
stems and roots
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Ground
The ground tissue system synthesizes
organic compound that supports the plant
 Provides storage for the plant
 Most of it is made up of parenchyma cells
 Parenchyma cells synthesize and store
organic products in a plant
 Collenchyma cells have a support system in
young plants
 Sclerechyma cells have a hardening agent
and are more rigid that supports plants
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Dermal and Vascular Tissue
Dermal tissue consists of epidermis and
the periderm
 The epidermis is the plant’s “skin” that
retains water and contains stomata
 The periderm is multilayered that consists
of phellem, phelloderm, phellogen
 Vascular tissue is mostly made of xylem
and phloem
 Allows water and other nutrients to be
transported throughout the plant
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Cambium and Guard Cells
Responsible for secondary growth in a
plant
 Produces phloem towards the outside of
the plant
 Produces xylem towards the inside of the
plant
 Guard cells regulate the rate of
transpiration by opening and closing the
stomata
 It opens when there is too much water
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Phloem
Is mostly composed of sieve-tube cells
and companion cells
 These cells help in the transportation of
sugar and nutrients produced during
photosynthesis
 Companion cells possess a nucleus and
transports sugar in and out of the sievetubes
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Root Hairs
Increases absorption by the increase of
the total surface of the root
 Absorbs water and inorganic nutirents
 Anchors the plant’s body to the ground
 Stores food and nutrients
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Root Cap
Is a small cone of cells
 Protects the apical meristem as the root
moves through the ground during the
growth
 Found covering the tip of a root behind is
where the root mostly grows
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Seed
Are flowering plants
 It protects the plant by food which inside
is a seed that is coated for protection
 Provides the development on a plant to
allow the plant to reproduce itself
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Stomata
Plants having tiny openings or pores
formed by guard cells
 Located on the outer skin layer of a plant
 The important role is to let water vapor,
gases, and oxygen to move quickly in and
out of the plant’s leaf
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Xylem
Consists of two types of cells, tracheids
and vessel elements
 Tracheids and vessel elements form tubeshaped structures providing pathways for
water and minerals
 Tracheids are non-living cells and are
found in all vascular plants
 Vessels are found only in angiosperms
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Stamen
The male reproduction organ of flowers
 Consists anther and filament
 Anther carries sperm and produces pollen
causing the process of meiosis
 Filament holds the anther to the flower
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Pistil
The female reproduction organ of flowers
which receives the pollen and produces
seeds
 Made up of three parts:
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◦ Stigma- the head of the pistil
◦ Style- the long part of the pistil
◦ Ovary- encloses the ovule that forms the fruit
later on
Ovary
Plant’s female organ of the flower that
holds ovules
 After fertilization by pollen it later
becomes the fruit of the plant
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Petals
Assists in pollination in order for flowers
to reproduce
 Attracts pollinators by the colors and
scent to get nectar
 Protects the female and male
reproductive parts of the plant
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Sperm and Egg
Sperm nuclei are produced inside the
pollen grains
 Directs the growth the pollen tube to the
ovule in the ovary
 Produced in the anthers through meiosis
or meiotic cell division
 Eggs are formed in the ovules
 The egg carries the other half of the
chromosome set from the parent mother
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Sepal
Green-leaf like structures that enclose
and protects the developing flower
 Modified leaf in the outer most whorl
calyx of a flower
 Allows the calyx to open and has a rigid
support for petals and reproductive
organs
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Filament and Anther
Filament is one of the two main part of
the male flower’s reproductive organ
 Part of the stamen that connects the
anther to the corolla
 Filament supports the anther
 Anther is the other main part of the male
flower’s reproductive organ
 Made up of pollen sacs which contain
pollen grains
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Style and Stigma
Styles is the male gamete that travels
down the style of the flower to its female
ovule
 Connects stigma to the ovary
 A receptive surface where pollen lands
and germinates its pollen tube
 Part of the stigma is corn silk
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