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Problem
•How
to manipulate material on a nano scale effectively?
•Limited supply of organs and tissue donations.
Bioprinting!
What is it?
 Simply
a printer (yep…just like your
computer)


It is 3D though!
Live cells are layered to create an organic
structure
What is bio-ink and bio-paper?
Bio-ink and bio-paper
Bio-ink spheroid = aggregate of tens of thousands of
cultured cells.
Bio-paper gel = water and sugar based paper scaffold
made out of collagen, gelatin, or other hydrogel.
Where does the ink and
paper go?
•Works with three “ink”
compartments just like a
standard printer.
•Two compartments
for different cell
types and the third
for biopaper.
Can’t buy this ink at
OfficeMax
 The
cells used to make the bioink can
come from other animals (chickens have
been used before to make blood vessels).
 Patient’s own stem cells MUCH better.


Eliminates rejection from body.
Internal structures naturally form on their
own after printing has taken place.
Bioprinting in Action
 http://www.youtube.com/watch?feature
=player_embedded&v=g2ZTWHsO8l0
Bio Printing
Advantages
What can it do and how
can it do it?
The Ink



Can use polymers to create non living
material or use adult stem cells, as well as
embryonic cells, in the body as the ink to
build
Will be a large reduction of human immunorespons, because the cells are from the host’s
body
Future of organ transplants, veins, and
cartilage can be synthesized

IE using it for dialysis using AV graft.
Prosthetics For You
 Prosthetics
can now be a made to order
thing.
 They can also use moving parts,
increasing the realism of the prosthetic
 Use in bone repair and reconstruction

IE Columbia University and Dentistry
Making Drugs From Scratch
 Since
drugs are made up of organic
molecules, can use specific organic
synthesized molecules as in, thus making
drugs
 University of Glasglow has made
Ibprophin
Medical Revolution
 Change
in Clinical trials: Can create
specific organs to try out new
medications, thus resulting in the
elimination of animal testing.
 Future Surgical Procedures:


Instant organ replacement
Spray on or “print on” medical treatments
 IE
Skin, Wake Forest Medical School
What Are The “Extreme
Possibilities”
 Facial
reconstruction
 Life extension
 Industrial Convergence between doctors,
engineers and computer scientists
Complications
Fragility

Embryonic stem cells are fragile
 Mixture of adult and embryonic
 Mostly
 Adult
embryonic
stem cells are harder to
track down
 Embryonic can be cultured in a
lab
Structures

Certain organs are more
complicated than others
 Vascularization, internal
structure
 Cartilage may come soon
 Eventually bone, liver, etc.
Connections

Difficult to connect the bioprinted
tissue to the real tissue
 Blood vessels
 Currently the biggest issue
Rationale and Ethics


Will it promote risky activities?
 Extreme sports, dangerous
occupations, etc.
 Fast food, smoking, drugs, etc.
Overstaying our welcome?
 Regular body maintenance
(replacing old organs)
Check This Out !!!!
 ‘3D
Printing and the Future of Stuff’
 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5YYP
JzeSj9Y
Sources
 http://www.explainingthefuture.com/biop
rinting.html
 “Bioprinting for stem cell research” Savas
Tasoglu and Utkan Demirci
 “Organ Printing” Callie Thomas