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Rocks
Chapter 4
Do Now: Define new terms
Pgs. 86-93
 Rock
 Igneous Rock
 Intrusive
 Extrusive
 Rock Cycle
 Lava
 Basaltic
 Granite
What is a Rock?
 A rock is:
a mixture of minerals, glass and/or organic
matter
 A common mineral found in rocks is:
 A mixture of minerals form the rock
quartz
granite
 Granite is a very strong rock used in countertops and
construction
The Rock Cycle
 There are
3 types of rocks
 They are igneous, metamorphic and sedimentary
 Rocks are changed by processes such as; weathering,
erosion, compaction, cementation, melting and cooling
 Sedimentary rock can be changed by heat and pressure
to form a
metamorphic rock
Create Rock Cycle Diagram
 Pg. 87
 See rubric
Do Now: Define:
 Metamorphic Rock
 Sedimentary Rock
 Foliated
 Nonfoliated
 Cementation
 Sediment
 Compaction
4.2 Igneous Rock
 Igneous rocks are formed when
volcanic materials erupt,
then cool on Earth’s surface
 Temperature and
pressure
rocks into magma
 Magma that reaches Earth’s surface is
can transform
lava
 So the difference between magma and lava is:
inside the Earth lava is at the surface
magma is
Intrusive Igneous Rocks
 Intrusive igneous rocks form
 Generally, they have
and are found
erosion remove soil
below Earth’s surface
large mineral grains
at Earth’s surface when weathering and
Extrusive Igneous Rocks
 Extrusive rocks are formed when lava cools on Earth’s
surface and is exposed to air
 They have
small mineral grains with air holes from very
quick cooling
Classification of Igneous Rocks
Magma Type
Intrusive
Extrusive
Basalt
Basaltic
Gabbro
Scoria
Andesitic
Diorite
Granitic
Andesite
Rhyolite
Granite
Pumice
Obsidian
Types of Magma
 Basaltic, Granitic, Andesitic
 Basaltic
igneous rocks are dense, heavy and dark in
color. Full of iron and magnesium.
 Granitic
light colored, lighter in weight. Thick, stiff
magma full of oxygen and silicone . Creates violent volcanic
eruptions.
 Andesitic
magma is in between in color and thickness.
Can be found in volcanoes in the Pacific Ocean
Origin, Formation and Composition
 Extrusive= formed on Earth’s surface with rapid cooling of
magma, giving the rock a fine grained texture.
 Igneous rocks are
the most abundant type of rock on Earth
and are formed from
the magma of volcanoes
4.3 Metamorphic Rock
 Temperature and Pressure
 Rocks that have changed due to
temperature and
pressure increases.
 Can be formed from
or other metamorphic rocks
changes in igneous, sedimentary
Heat and Pressure
 Rocks beneath Earth’s surface are under great
pressure
from overlying rock layers
 Once the heat and pressure reach a certain point
rocks
melt and magma forms.
 If it does not get hot enough to melt rock
mineral changes
happen. Sometimes minerals are flattened or the atoms move
around and create a bigger mineral
Classification of metamorphic rock
 Foliated:
flattened mineral grains that line up in bands;
slate
 Nonfoliated:
no bands, minerals change, grow and
rearrange but do not form bands. Sandstone and marble
4.4 Sedimentary Rock
 Most of the rocks on
Earth’s Surface
 Sedimentary rocks forms when
sediments are pressed
togeher or come out of a solution
 Sediments are
loose material, such as pebbles, mineral
grains and bits of plant and animal remains
 Weathering is
the process that breaks rocks into
smaller pieces
2 Processes
 Compaction:
sedimentary rock forming process that
happens with sediment is pressed down into rocks from the
weight of the material on top of it
 Cementation:
sedimentary rock making process the
happens when sediments are “glued” together, usually by
water, with mineral deposits
Types of sedimentary rock
 Chemical
 Organic (made up of once living things)
 coal
 Limestone
 Rock Salt
 Can have fossils in them
 https://www.thinglink.com/scene/359446759849590786
Fossil Creation