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Name ______________________________________
Assignment: Disease Fighters
Period ____
Note: You will need a Science & Life Issues book to complete this assignment
Purpose: Students will investigate how the human immune system helps fight invading
organisms. Students view microscope slides of normal human blood and perform
simulated tests for blood-type compatibility. The fast that immune reactions are not
always beneficial is addressed.
1. Read pages 77-78. The procedure for this assignment is on pages 79-81.
Starting: Half of the class will do Part 1 while the other does Part 2. The two groups switch half
way though class.
PART 1: Blood Type and Immune Response
Do steps 1-6; Use the table below to record your data. Comment on the table if the solution
remains clear or clumps when mixed.
Data Table: Blood Compatibility
Patient
Donor type A
Sasha (type A)
Donor type B
Donor type O
Fong (type B)
Jordan (type AB)
Questions:
1. Each patient required one pint of blood. The hospital received one pint each of type A, B, and
O blood. Explain whether the hospital had enough of the right type of blood for each patient
(who received which donated blood type).
2. What prevents your body from accepting transfusions of certain blood types?
Compatibility of Human Blood Types
Recipients
Donors
O
A
B
AB
O
Accepts
Accepts
Accepts
Accepts
A
clumps
Accepts
clumps
Accepts
B
AB
clumps
clumps
Accepts
Accepts
clumps
clumps
clumps
Accepts
When the blood type of the donor is not compatible with that of the recipient (patient), the
antibodies present in the recipient’s blood causes the transfused red blood cells to clump. These
clumps can create blockages in blood vessels and cause death. Because of differences in what
antibodies are present, type O individuals are universal donors but type AB individuals are
universal recipients.
3. Why is type O considered the universal donor?
4. What blood type can the recipient have where he can accept any blood type from a donor?
Blood types also have an additional consideration called Rh factor. Each blood type can have or
not have this factor. If a blood type does not have the Rh factor, the blood type is labeled – (O-,
B-, AB-, B-). If the blood type has an Rh factor, the blood is labeled + (O+, B+, AB+).
The following is a table with Rh factors taken into consideration:
Recipients
Donors
OO+
AA+
BB+
ABAB+
OAccepts
Accepts
Accepts
Accepts
Accepts
Accepts
Accepts
Accepts
O+
clumps
Accepts
clumps
Accepts
clumps
Accepts
clumps
Accepts
Aclumps
clumps
Accepts
Accepts
clumps
clumps
Accepts
Accepts
A+
clumps
clumps
clumps
Accepts
clumps
clumps
clumps
Accepts
Bclumps
clumps
clumps
clumps
Accepts
Accepts
Accepts
Accepts
B+
clumps
clumps
clumps
clumps
clumps
Accepts
clumps
Accepts
ABclumps
clumps
clumps
clumps
clumps
clumps
Accepts
Accepts
AB+
clumps
clumps
clumps
clumps
clumps
clumps
clumps
Accepts
5. What Blood type, with Rh factor, is now the universal donor? Explain.
6. What blood types can a recipient with a blood type of A- accept? ___________________
7. What blood types can a recipient with a blood type of A+ accept? ___________________
Part 2: Blood Cells
1. Follow the directions in the book on page 80-81 for part 2.
Name __________________________________
Magnification: 400
2. Describe the 2 different types of cells you observed on the slide (color, shape, possibility of a
nucleus)
Cell type A:
Cell type B:
3. Which cell type was more common? Which cell type was smaller/bigger?
4. In what ways does your body prevent you from catching an infectious disease? (list at least 2)