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Transcript
Map of the Arabic Language Introduction to Nahw (Grammar) Shariah Program - © 2003-2009 The Science of Arabic Grammar Arranging words to make meaningful sentences Mapping the language Shariah Program - © 2003-2009 Map of the Arabic Language لفظ مهمل موضوع مفرد مركب غري مفيد )مفيد (مجلة Shariah Program - © 2003-2009 Subject Matter Subject/Predicate relationship English parts of speech Noun, pronoun, adjective etc. The subject matter of grammar Link two or more words in a way upon which silence is appropriate. Words, phrases, sentences Part of Logic How to make definitions Shariah Program - © 2003-2009 Parts of speech إسم 1. nouns, pronouns, adjectives and adverbs فعل 2. corresponds exactly to verb حرف 3. everything else: prepositions, conjunctions, articles, etc. Shariah Program - © 2003-2009 Precise Definitions Parts of Speech: i. إسم: indicates on a meaning within itself and is not linked to time. فعل: ii. indicates on a meaning within itself and is also linked to time. حرف: iii. does not indicate on a meaning within itself Shariah Program - © 2003-2009 The 3 Classifications of an إسم Based on being derived or not being derived: – جامدA frozen word not derived from anything and nothing derived from it – مصدرThe source word for all verbs and derived nouns. Not derived from anything, but many words derived from it e.g. ( الرجلman), ( الشجرةtree) e.g. (الضربto hit) ( النصرto help) – مشتقThose few nouns and adjectives which are constructed from the مصدر e.g. ( كاتبwriter) ( مكتبdesk). *Their methods of construction are discussed in the science of صرف Shariah Program - © 2003-2009 Classification of the فعل ماضي, the past tense verb مضارع, the present and future tense verb e.g. ص َُر ُ يَن أمر, imperative or command verb e.g. ب ََ َ ( َكتwrote). e.g. َإشرب ِ (Drink!) نهي, negative command or prohibition e.g. َشرب ِ َ ( الَتDon’t drink) Shariah Program - © 2003-2009 Classification of the حرف – حرفَعاملGoverning agent – حرفَغيرَعاملNon-governing agent Shariah Program - © 2003-2009
