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Majority and Minority Carriers
Majority Carriers
– The majority carriers in n-type materials are
electrons.
– The majority carriers in p-type materials are
holes.
• Minority Carriers
– The minority carriers in n-type materials are
holes.
– The minority carriers in p-type materials are
electrons.
Electronics Devices and Circuit Theory 10th Edition - Boylestad
Electronics Fundamentals 8th edition - Floyd/Buchla
p-n Junctions
• One end of a silicon or germanium
crystal can be doped as a p-type
material and the other end as an ntype material.
• The result is a p-n junction.
Electronics Devices and Circuit Theory 10th Edition - Boylestad
Electronics Fundamentals 8th edition - Floyd/Buchla
p-n Junction
The result is the formation of a depletion region
around the junction.
Electronics Devices and Circuit Theory 10th Edition - Boylestad
Electronics Fundamentals 8th edition - Floyd/Buchla
p-n Junction
Electronics Devices and Circuit Theory 10th Edition - Boylestad
Electronics Fundamentals 8th edition - Floyd/Buchla
p-n Junction
Electronics Devices and Circuit Theory 10th Edition - Boylestad
Electronics Fundamentals 8th edition - Floyd/Buchla
Diodes
The diode is a 2-terminal device.
A diode ideally conducts in only one direction.
Electronics Devices and Circuit Theory 10th Edition - Boylestad
Electronics Fundamentals 8th edition - Floyd/Buchla
Diode Operating Conditions
A diode has three operating conditions:
– No bias
– Forward bias
– Reverse bias
Electronics Devices and Circuit Theory 10th Edition - Boylestad
Electronics Fundamentals 8th edition - Floyd/Buchla
Diode Operating Conditions
• No Bias
– No external voltage is applied: VD = 0 V
– No current is flowing: ID = 0 A
– Only a modest depletion region exists
Electronics Devices and Circuit Theory 10th Edition - Boylestad
Electronics Fundamentals 8th edition - Floyd/Buchla
Diode Operating Conditions
• Reverse Bias
– External voltage is
applied across the
p-n junction in the
opposite polarity of
the p- and n-type materials.
Electronics Devices and Circuit Theory 10th Edition - Boylestad
Electronics Fundamentals 8th edition - Floyd/Buchla
Diode Operating Conditions
• Reverse Bias
The reverse voltage causes the
depletion region to widen.
The electrons in the n-type
material are attracted toward the
positive terminal of the voltage
source.
The holes in the p-type material
are attracted toward the negative
terminal of the voltage source.
Electronics Devices and Circuit Theory 10th Edition - Boylestad
Electronics Fundamentals 8th edition - Floyd/Buchla
Diode Operating Conditions
• Forward Bias
– External voltage is applied across the p-n junction in
the same polarity as the p- and n-type materials.
Electronics Devices and Circuit Theory 10th Edition - Boylestad
Electronics Fundamentals 8th edition - Floyd/Buchla
Diode Operating Conditions
• Forward Bias
Electronics Devices and Circuit Theory 10th Edition - Boylestad
Electronics Fundamentals 8th edition - Floyd/Buchla
Diode Characteristics
Conduction
Region
Electronics Devices and Circuit Theory 10th Edition - Boylestad
Electronics Fundamentals 8th edition - Floyd/Buchla
Non-Conduction
Region
Actual Diode Characteristics
Electronics Devices and Circuit Theory 10th Edition - Boylestad
Electronics Fundamentals 8th edition - Floyd/Buchla
Zener Region
Electronics Devices and Circuit Theory 10th Edition - Boylestad
Electronics Fundamentals 8th edition - Floyd/Buchla
Forward Bias Voltage
Electronics Devices and Circuit Theory 10th Edition - Boylestad
Electronics Fundamentals 8th edition - Floyd/Buchla
Temperature Effects
Electronics Devices and Circuit Theory 10th Edition - Boylestad
Electronics Fundamentals 8th edition - Floyd/Buchla
IDEAL VERSUS PRATICAL
Electronics Devices and Circuit Theory 10th Edition - Boylestad
Electronics Fundamentals 8th edition - Floyd/Buchla
Resistance Levels
Electronics Devices and Circuit Theory 10th Edition - Boylestad
Electronics Fundamentals 8th edition - Floyd/Buchla
DC (Static) Resistance
Electronics Devices and Circuit Theory 10th Edition - Boylestad
Electronics Fundamentals 8th edition - Floyd/Buchla
AC (Dynamic) Resistance
Electronics Devices and Circuit Theory 10th Edition - Boylestad
Electronics Fundamentals 8th edition - Floyd/Buchla
Average AC Resistance
Electronics Devices and Circuit Theory 10th Edition - Boylestad
Electronics Fundamentals 8th edition - Floyd/Buchla
Diode Equivalent Circuit
Electronics Devices and Circuit Theory 10th Edition - Boylestad
Electronics Fundamentals 8th edition - Floyd/Buchla
Diode Capacitance
Electronics Devices and Circuit Theory 10th Edition - Boylestad
Electronics Fundamentals 8th edition - Floyd/Buchla
Reverse Recovery Time (trr)
Electronics Devices and Circuit Theory 10th Edition - Boylestad
Electronics Fundamentals 8th edition - Floyd/Buchla
Diode Specification Sheets
Electronics Devices and Circuit Theory 10th Edition - Boylestad
Electronics Fundamentals 8th edition - Floyd/Buchla
Diode Symbol and Packaging
Electronics Devices and Circuit Theory 10th Edition - Boylestad
Electronics Fundamentals 8th edition - Floyd/Buchla
Other Types of Diodes
• Zener diode
• Light-emitting diode
• Diode arrays
Electronics Devices and Circuit Theory 10th Edition - Boylestad
Electronics Fundamentals 8th edition - Floyd/Buchla
Zener Diode
Electronics Devices and Circuit Theory 10th Edition - Boylestad
Electronics Fundamentals 8th edition - Floyd/Buchla
Light-Emitting Diode (LED)
Electronics Devices and Circuit Theory 10th Edition - Boylestad
Electronics Fundamentals 8th edition - Floyd/Buchla
Diode Arrays
Electronics Devices and Circuit Theory 10th Edition - Boylestad
Electronics Fundamentals 8th edition - Floyd/Buchla