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Firefighter I
Ventilation
Chapter 11 Test
Name:
Date:
Directions: Write the correct letter on the blank before each question.
Objective 1:
Describe reasons for fireground ventilation.
________
1.
Which of the following is NOT a life-safety reason for fireground
ventilation? (543)
A.
B.
C.
D.
________
2.
A chimney effect occurs: (544)
A.
B.
C.
D.
________
3.
4.
when a vertical ventilation opening is made.
when a ventilation opening is made in the chimney of a
structure.
when a ventilation opening is made in the upper portion of
a building.
when a ventilation opening is made in the lower portion of
a building.
Flashover is the transition between the ___ and fully developed fire
stages. (544)
A.
B.
C.
D.
________
It reduces interior temperature.
It reduces damage caused by water.
It expedites search and rescue operations.
It provides an escape path for the steam when water is
vaporized.
decay
growth
backdraft
smoldering
Which type of ventilation involves opening doors and windows to
allow air currents to move smoke and heat out of the building? (547)
A.
B.
C.
D.
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Forced
Air-flow
Natural
Mechanical
11-1
Firefighter I
Ventilation
Objective 2:
List considerations that affect the decision to ventilate.
________
5.
All of the following are considerations affecting ventilation EXCEPT:
(547-548)
A.
B.
C.
D.
Is a RIC available?
Where is ventilation needed?
Is there a need for ventilation at this time?
Do fire and structural operations allow for ventilation at this
time?
Objective 3:
Discuss factors that are taken into account when deciding the
need for ventilation.
________
6.
The first consideration to be taken into account when deciding the
need for ventilation is: (548)
A.
B.
C.
D.
________
7.
Which of the following is NOT a hazard that can be expected from
the accumulation of smoke and gases in a building? (548)
A.
B.
C.
D.
________
8.
9.
Lack of oxygen
Possibility of flashover
Possibility of backdraft
Lack of carbon monoxide
Density of the smoke ___ the amount of suspended particles. (548)
A.
B.
C.
D.
________
the reason ventilation may be necessary.
time for performing ventilation operations.
the number of personnel needed for ventilation.
the safety of firefighters and building occupants.
increases with
decreases with
is not affected by
changes color with
Ventilation during fires in high-rise buildings must be accomplished
___ with the use of mechanical ventilation devices and the HVAC
systems in the buildings. (551)
A.
B.
C.
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vertically
diagonally
horizontally
11-2
Firefighter I
Ventilation
D.
________ 10.
after evacuation
Which of the following factors is a primary consideration in
determining ventilation procedures? (555)
A.
B.
C.
D.
The
The
The
The
number of buildings in the area
phase to which the fire has progressed
type of construction of surrounding structures
type of equipment available to firefighting personnel
Objective 4:
Discuss vertical ventilation.
________ 11.
Vertical ventilation generally means opening the roof or existing roof
openings for the purpose of: (556)
A.
B.
C.
D.
________ 12.
Which of the following is NOT a major factor affecting the likelihood
of roof collapse? (556)
A.
B.
C.
D.
________ 13.
Age of the roof
Load on the roof
Level of protection
Type of construction
Who must select the place to ventilate prior to undertaking vertical
ventilation? (557)
A.
B.
C.
D.
________ 14.
advancing hoselines.
creating access from the roof.
allowing oxygen to enter the structure.
allowing heated gases and smoke to escape to the atmosphere.
The
The
The
The
fire chief
officer in charge
building engineer
first-responding unit
Responsibilities of the leader on the roof include all of the following
EXCEPT: (558)
A.
B.
C.
D.
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ensuring that the roof is safe to operate on.
ensuring that only the required openings are made.
ensuring the team stays on the roof throughout fire suppression
operations.
ensuring the safety of all personnel who are assisting in the
opening of the building.
11-3
Firefighter I
Ventilation
Objective 5:
List safety precautions to observe when undertaking vertical
ventilation.
________ 15.
All of the following are safety precautions to observe when
undertaking vertical ventilation EXCEPT: (558-559)
A.
B.
C.
D.
________ 16.
check the wind direction with relation to exposures.
ensure that main structural supports are cut so full ventilation is
attained.
use lifelines, roof ladders, or other means to prevent personnel
from sliding and falling off the roof.
make sure that a roof ladder (if used) is firmly secured over the
peak of the roof before operating from it.
Which of the following is NOT a safety precaution to observe when
undertaking vertical ventilation? (558-559)
A.
B.
C.
D.
Guard the opening to prevent personnel from falling into it.
Evacuate the roof promptly when ventilation work is complete.
Extend ladders at least three to five rungs above the roof line
and secure the ladder.
Start power tools on the ground to ensure operation and keep
them running as they are hoisted or carried to the roof.
Objective 6:
List warning signs of an unsafe roof condition.
________ 17.
All of the following are warning signs of an unsafe roof condition
EXCEPT: (560)
A.
B.
C.
D.
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hard asphalt.
"spongy" roof.
fire coming from the roof.
smoke coming from the roof.
11-4
Firefighter I
Ventilation
Objective 7:
Discuss roof coverings and using existing roof openings for
vertical ventilation purposes.
________ 18.
Which of the following statements about existing openings is MOST
accurate? (560-561)
A.
B.
C.
D.
________ 19.
They
They
They
They
cut.
include scuttle hatches and monitors.
are usually the best location for adequate ventilation.
should never be used for vertical ventilation purposes.
are not usually used to supplement holes that have to be
Which of the following types of existing roof openings, if containing
Lexan® plastic, may be removed by dismantling part of the frame?
(561)
A.
B.
C.
D.
Monitor
Skylight
Ventilating shaft
Penthouse door
Objective 8:
Discuss ventilation considerations for various types of roofs.
________ 20.
Which of the following statements about general ventilation
considerations is MOST accurate? (562)
A.
B.
C.
D.
________ 21.
Several smaller openings are safer than one larger opening.
A circular opening is easier to cut and to repair after the fire.
Several smaller openings are easier than one larger opening.
A rectangular opening is easier to cut and to repair after the
fire.
Flat roofs: (562)
A.
B.
C.
D.
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are not frequently penetrated by scuttles.
are common on single-family residences.
may support water tanks and HVAC equipment.
may not have a slight slope, even to facilitate drainage.
11-5
Firefighter I
________ 22.
Ventilation
Pitched roofs: (564)
A.
B.
C.
D.
________ 23.
Arched roofs: (564)
A.
B.
C.
D.
________ 24.
are not usually very steep.
do not usually involve rafters or trusses.
have much different procedures for opening than flat roofs.
have a more pronounced downward slope than flat roofs.
include the Lamella roof.
cannot span large open areas.
do not involve bowstring trusses.
require significantly different processes for cutting ventilation
openings than flat or pitched roofs.
Concrete roofs: (565-566)
A.
B.
C.
D.
are not in widespread use.
can be made of lightweight material.
are surprisingly easy to break through.
are available in limited shapes and designs.
Objective 9:
Describe trench or strip ventilation.
________ 25.
Which of the following statements about trench ventilation is LEAST
accurate? (567)
A.
B.
C.
D.
It is used to stop the spread of fire in a long, narrow structure.
It is performed by cutting a trench that is at least 4 feet (1.2 m)
wide.
The opening cannot be created ahead of the advancing fire.
A large ventilation opening is often cut between the trench cut
and the fire.
Objective 10:
Explain procedures for ventilation of a conventional basement.
________ 26.
In the absence of built-in vents from the basement, heat and smoke
from basement fires will quickly spread: (567)
A.
B.
C.
D.
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upward into the building.
through windows to the outside.
through the floor of the basement.
into the soil surrounding the building.
11-6
Firefighter I
________ 27.
Ventilation
Which of the following is NOT a way in which basement ventilation
can be accomplished? (568)
A.
B.
C.
D.
If the basement has windows, horizontal ventilation can be
applied.
Interior vertical ventilation can be performed using natural
paths from the basement.
Vertical ventilation can be performed by cutting a trench
alongside the basement and breaking through the wall.
Interior vertical ventilation can be performed by cutting a hole
in the floor near a ground-level door or window.
Objective 11:
List factors that can reduce the effectiveness of vertical
ventilation.
________ 28.
Which of the following factors should NOT reduce the effectiveness
of vertical ventilation? (569)
A.
B.
C.
D.
Improper use of forced ventilation
Burn-through of the roof, a floor, or a wall
Fire streams directed into ventilation openings
Limited openings between the attack team and the upper
opening
Objective 12:
Discuss horizontal ventilation.
________ 29.
Which of the following types of structures does NOT lend itself well
to the application of horizontal ventilation? (570)
A.
B.
C.
D.
________ 30.
A building with a daylight basement
A building in which the fire has reached the attic area
An involved floor of a multistoried structure below the top floor
Limited openings between the attack team and the upper
opening
All of the following are ways by which horizontal extension occurs
inside a structure EXCEPT: (570)
A.
B.
C.
D.
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through walls by convected air currents.
in all directions by explosions or flash fires.
through roof openings by convected air currents.
through walls by conduction of heat through beams.
11-7
Firefighter I
Ventilation
Objective 13:
Discuss considerations for horizontal ventilation.
________ 31.
Which of the following weather phenomena has the most potential
influence on horizontal ventilation? (570)
A.
B.
C.
D.
________ 32.
Which of the following statements about horizontal ventilation is
LEAST accurate? (571)
A.
B.
C.
D.
________ 33.
Wind
Drought
Lightning
Precipitation
Horizontal ventilation may block the escape of occupants.
Because horizontal ventilation does not release heat and smoke
directly above the fire, some routing is necessary.
Because horizontal ventilation does not release heat and smoke
directly above the fire, routing is dangerous and uncalled for.
The routes by which the smoke and heated gases would travel
to exit the building may be the same corridors and passageways
that occupants need for evacuation.
Which of the following statements about upsetting horizontal
ventilation is LEAST accurate? (572)
A.
B.
C.
D.
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Firefighters should take advantage of air currents established by
horizontal ventilation.
Firefighters should create a ventilation exit opening on the
leeward side of a burning building as a last resort.
If firefighters block established currents, the positive effects of
horizontal ventilation may be eliminated.
If firefighters open a door or window on the windward side of a
burning building prior to first creating a ventilation exit opening
on the leeward side, the building may become pressurized.
11-8
Firefighter I
Ventilation
Objective 14:
Distinguish between advantages and disadvantages of forced
ventilation.
________ 34.
Which of the following is NOT an advantage of forced ventilation?
(573)
A.
B.
C.
D.
It
It
It
It
reduces smoke damage.
promotes good public relations.
ensures more positive control of air flow.
can be powered by a wide array of sources.
Objective 15:
Discuss negative-pressure ventilation.
________ 35.
Which of the following statements BEST describes negative-pressure
ventilation? (574)
A.
B.
C.
D.
________ 36.
Fans pull air from the outside of the building to the interior.
Fans work best if they exhaust in the opposite direction as the
prevailing wind.
It uses a high-volume fan to create a slightly higher pressure
inside a building than that outside.
It uses fans to develop artificial circulation or enhance natural
ventilation to expel smoke from a structure.
Which of the following statements about churning is LEAST accurate?
(574)
A.
B.
C.
D.
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Churning reduces ventilation efficiency.
There is no effective way to prevent churning.
Churning is caused when air recirculates back into the building.
Atmospheric pressure pushes air back through the open spaces
in the doorway or window and pulls the smoke back into the
room.
11-9
Firefighter I
Ventilation
Objective 16:
Discuss positive-pressure ventilation.
________ 37.
Which of the following statements BEST describes positive-pressure
ventilation? (575)
A.
B.
C.
D.
________ 38.
The location where positive-pressure ventilation is set up is called
the: (575)
A.
B.
C.
D.
________ 39.
exit point.
PPV zone.
entry point.
ventilation duct.
When using positive-pressure ventilation to ventilate a multistory
building, it is best to apply positive pressure at the ___ point through
the use of one or more blowers. (576)
A.
B.
C.
D.
________ 40.
Fans pull air from the inside of the building to the exterior.
It uses a high-volume fan to create a slightly higher pressure
inside a building than that outside.
It uses a high-volume fan to create a slightly lower pressure
inside a building than that outside.
It uses fans to develop artificial circulation or enhance natural
ventilation to expel smoke from a structure.
exit
lowest
highest
midway
To ensure an effective positive-pressure ventilation operation, all of
the following actions can be taken EXCEPT: (577)
A.
B.
C.
D.
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taking advantage of existing wind conditions.
keeping the size of the exit opening in proportion to the entry
opening.
avoiding creating horizontal openings by breaking glass or
removing doors.
making certain that the cone of air from the blower only
partially covers the entry opening.
11-10
Firefighter I
Ventilation
Objective 17:
Compare and contrast positive-pressure and negative-pressure
ventilation.
________ 41.
Which of the following is NOT an advantage of positive-pressure
ventilation over negative-pressure ventilation? (578)
A.
B.
C.
D.
The placement of fans does not interfere with ingress or egress.
Removal of smoke and heat from a structure or vessel is more
efficient.
Hidden fires may not be accelerated and spread throughout the
building.
Firefighters can set up positive-pressure ventilation without
entering the smoke-filled environment.
Objective 18:
Describe hydraulic ventilation.
________ 42.
Which of the following statements about hydraulic ventilation is
LEAST accurate? (578)
A.
B.
C.
D.
________ 43.
It is used to clear the room or building of smoke before a fire
has been controlled.
It can be used to clear the building of heat and gases after a
fire has been controlled.
It may be used in situations where other types of forced
ventilation are unavailable.
It uses the air movement created by a fog stream to help draw
products of combustion out of the structure.
To perform hydraulic ventilation, a fog stream is set on a wide fog
pattern that will cover ___ percent of the window or door opening
from which the smoke will be pushed out. (578)
A.
B.
C.
D.
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55
65
75
85
to
to
to
to
60
70
80
90
11-11
Firefighter I
Ventilation
Objective 19:
List disadvantages to the use of hydraulic ventilation.
________ 44.
Which of the following is a disadvantage of hydraulic ventilation?
(578)
A.
B.
C.
D.
It can only be used in freezing temperatures.
There may be a decrease in the amount of water damage within
the structure.
It can only be used after positive-pressure ventilation has been
used.
The operation may have to be interrupted when the nozzle
team has to leave the area to replenish their air supply.
Objective 20:
Explain the effects of building systems on fires or ventilation.
________ 45.
Many modern buildings have built-in heating, ventilation, and airconditioning (HVAC) systems that can significantly ___ the spread of
smoke and fire throughout a structure. (579)
A.
B.
C.
D.
________ 46.
impair
reduce
redistribute
contribute to
Who is responsible for clearing the HVAC system of residual smoke?
(579)
A.
B.
C.
D.
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The
The
The
The
firefighter
building engineer
electric department
Incident Commander
11-12