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Behavior Therapy:
Counter Conditioning
& Inhibitory
Conditioning
Lesson 16
The Process of Behavior Therapy
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
Clarifying the clients problem
Formulating initial goals for therapy
Designing a target behavior
Identifying the maintaining conditions
Designing a treatment plan
Implementing the treatment plan
Evaluating the success of treatment
Conducting follow-up assessment ~
Acceleration Target Behaviors
Increase behavioral deficits
 inattention, hygeine, lack of
assertiveness, etc.
 Primarily positive reinforcement
 Relatively simple & straight
forward
 Example: Social interaction in
depressed client
 Reward interactions with people ~

Deceleration Target Behaviors
Decrease behavioral excessesses
 Biting fingernails, staying up too
late, criticizing others, etc.
 Simple solutions usually incomplete
 Punishment   behavior
 Leaves void
 Behavior occuring fo a reason ~

Deceleration Target Behaviors
Use competing responses
 Deceleration for
undesirable/maladaptive behavior
 Acceleration of desirable/adaptive
behavior
 Provide way to obtain goal
 Example:
 Decelerate criticizing
 Accelerate praising ~

The Dead Person Rule
“Never ask someone to do
something a dead person can do”
 Don’t ask them not to behave
 Deceleration only
 Client is asked to do something
active
 Include acceleration behavior
 Fills behavioral void ~

Deceleration Techniques
Differential RFT (DRO & DRI)
 Direct Deceleration Therapy
 Consequential deceleration
 Aversion therapy
 Token Economies
 Pos RFT & response cost
 Exposure therapies
 Brief / graduated
 Prolonged / intense ~

Counter Conditioning
Joseph Wolpe (1944)
 Reciprocal inhibition
 Buzzer sounded when cat was eating
 Buzzer (CS)  eating
 Buzzer sounded when shocked
 Buzzer  fear
 Substitution of competing responses
 Worked both ways
 Can also replace fear ~

Counter Conditioning
Pavlovian Conditioning
 CERs
 Substitution of response
 Competing or incompatible
 Similar to DRO/DRI (operant)
 Example: young woman’s anxiety
about attending banquet
 Ex-boyfriend & new girlfriend
 Imagine banquet with absurd
scenes ~

Mary Cover Jones & “Peter”
Treatment of phobias
 Peter fearful of white rabbit
 Counterconditioning
 Pairing favorite food & rabbit
 Exposure therapy
 Gradually moved rabbit closer
 Peter watched another child play
with rabbit ~

Inhibitory Conditioning
Learning Regulates Behavior
Controls organism’s interactions with
environment
 Requires 2 opposing processes
 e.g., positive & negative feedback
 excitatory & inhibitory conditioning
 Excitatory learning
 CR will likely occur
 CS+ signals occurrence of US ~

Inhibitory learning
Conditioned Inhibition
 Learning to withhold conditional
response
 CS-: US will not occur
 no US for period of time
 US must be a significant event
 Occurs only if there is an excitatory
context ~

Standard Procedure
Some trials: CS+ --- US
 Other trials: CS+ / CS- --- No US

Example: traffic light
 CS+ (red)  CR?
 CS- (police officer) / CS+  CR?
 Respond differently under different
circumstances ~

Negative CS-US Contingency
Similar to standard procedure
 Some trials: CS+ & US
 Other trials: CS- & no US
 CS-  no response
 Example: Traffic light
 Red (CS+) – Danger (US)
 Green (CS-) – no Danger (no US) ~

Inhibitory Conditioning & Stress

Panic attacks  extreme stress
Carter,
Hollon, Carson, & Shelton (1995)
triggered by CS+ for aversive stimuli
 Panic attack experimentally induced
 accompanied by trusted friend
 or alone ~

Inhibitory Conditioning & Stress

Friend acted as CS- for stress
  stress compared the alone group
 trusted friend was a safety signal ~