Download The Address of the Electrons

The Address of the Electrons
ž  Each
electron has a set of four numbers,
called quantum numbers
ž  Each electron has a different set of numbers
¡  No
2 electrons in the same atom can have the
same 4 quantum number
¡  Pauli exclusion principle.
ž  Attraction
between protons in nucleus and
electron in cloud.
ž  Takes energy for electron to pull away from
nucleus
ž  Lower energy levels closer to nucleus
ž  Higher energy levels farther from nucleus
ž  Described by integers
¡  1
is closest to nucleus (lowest enegry
ž  Show
the shape of the area that a electron is
most likely moving around.
ž  4 types
¡  s,
p, d, and f
¡  Each requires a different amount of energy for an
e- to remain
¡  Lowest energy is s
¡  Highest energy is f
ž  Described
by their energy level number and
their subshell type level
ž  Example
¡  S
orbital in energy level 2---2s
ž  An
area of high probability where an electron
is located
ž  The specific orientation of the shape of the
subshell
ž  S
¡  Has
one orbital, holds 2 electrons
ž  P
¡  Has
three orbitals, holds 6 electrons
ž  D
¡  Has
five orbitals, holds 10 electrons
ž  F
¡  Has
7 orbitals, holds 14 electrons
ž  The
arrangement of electrons in an atom
ž  3 methods of writing electron configuration
¡  Boxes
and arrows
¡  Spectroscopic notation
¡  Noble gas notation
ž  From
the German
word "Aufbauen"
which means "to
build”
ž  Electrons will first
occupy orbitals of
the lowest energy
level.
ž  Aufbau
Principle
ž  Hund’s Rule
¡  Electrons
are placed in their own orbitals before
doubling up
ž  Pauli
¡  In
Exclusion Principle
order for electrons to share an orbital, they
must have different spin
¡  One spin up
¡  One spin down
Number of electrons
in the sub level 2,2,5
2
1s
2
2s
5
2p
Sublevels
ž  Use
the last noble gas that is located in the
periodic table right before the element.
ž  Write the symbol of the noble gas in brackets.
ž  Write the remaining configuration after the
brackets.
ž  Ex: Fluorine: [He] 2s2 2p5