Download Ch. 2.3: Tissue PPT

Essentials of Human Anatomy & Physiology
Seventh Edition
Elaine N. Marieb
Chapter 2.3
Tissues
Lecture Slides in PowerPoint by Jerry L. Cook
Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Tissues
 Groups of cells with similar structure and
function
 Held together by membrane junctions
(tight, desmosome, gap)
 Four primary types of tissues:
1. Epithelial tissue
2. Connective tissue
3. Nervous tissue
4. Muscle tissue
1. Epithelial Tissues – General Info.
(also called epithelium)
 Functions of epithelial tissues:
Protection
Absorption
Filtration
Secretion
EPITHELIAL TISSUE
1. Epithelial Tissues (Epithelium), cont.
 Characteristics:
 Made primarily of cells that fit close
together
 Always one free or apical surface
 Lower surface is bound by a
basement membrane
1. Epithelial Tissues (Epithelium), cont.
 Characteristics, continued:
 Have no blood supply (avascular)
 Easily regenerate (replaced with
same cells)
1. Epithelial Tissues (epithelium)
 Found throughout the body:
1. Covering the body (skin epidermis)
2. Lining cavities (membranes)
3. Exocrine glands - Glands with
ducts that open to the epithelial
surface and do not produce
hormones
Examples: sweat, salivary, and
oil glands
1. Epithelial Tissues (epithelium), cont.
Classification of Epithelium
 Number of cell layers:
 Simple – one layer
 Stratified – more than
one layer
Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Figure 3.16a
Classification of Epithelium
 Shape of cells:
 Squamous – flattened
 Cuboidal – cubeshaped
 Columnar – column-like
Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Figure 3.16b
Examples of
EPITHELIAL TISSUES
Simple Epithelium
 Simple squamous
 Single layer of flat
cells
 Usually forms
membranes
 Lines body
cavities
 Lines lungs and
capillaries
Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Figure 3.17a
Simple Epithelium
 Simple cuboidal
 Single layer of
cube-like cells
 Common in
glands and their
ducts
 Forms walls
of kidney tubules
 Covers the
ovaries
Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Figure 3.17b
Simple Epithelium
 Simple columnar
 Single layer of tall
cells
 Lines digestive
tract
 Includes goblet
cells, which
produce mucous
Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Figure 3.17c
Simple Epithelium
 Pseudostratified
 Single cell layer that
looks like a double
layer
 Sometimes ciliated,
such as in the
respiratory tract
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Figure 3.17d
CONNECTIVE
TISSUE
Connective Tissue – General Info.
 Functions:
 Binds body tissues together
 Supports the body
 Provides protection
Connective Tissue – Characteristics
 Found everywhere in the body
 Most abundant and widely distributed of
tissues
Connective Tissue Characteristics
 Two components of connective tissues:
1. Living portion: cells
2. Non-living portion: extracellular matrix
(ECM)
 Blood supply varies:
 Some are well vascularized
 Some have poor blood supply or are
avascular
Connective Tissue – Major Classes
1. Connective Tissue Proper
(loose and dense)
2. Cartilage
3. Bone (Osseous) Tissue
4. Blood
Examples of
CONNECTIVE
TISSUES
Connective Tissue Proper (loose)
 RETICULAR
CONNECTIVE
TISSUE
 Cells: reticular cells
 Fibers: reticular
 Forms stroma
 Lymph nodes
 Spleen, liver
 Bone marrow
Figure 3.18g
Connective Tissue Proper (dense)
 DENSE REGULAR
CONNECTIVE
TISSUE
 Cells: fibroblasts
 Fibers: collagen (and
some elastin)
 Examples:
 Tendon – attach
muscle to bone
 Ligaments – attach
bone to bone
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Figure 3.18d
Connective Tissue - Cartilage
 ELASTIC CARTILAGE
 Cells: chondrocytes
 Fibers: elastin
 Examples:
 External ear
 Epiglottis
Connective Tissue - Osseous
 OSSEOUS TISSUE
 Cells: osteocytes
 Fibers: collagen
 Hard matrix of calcium
salts
 Example:
 Bone
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Figure 3.18a
Connective Tissue - Blood
 VASCULAR TISSUE
 Cells: red and white
blood cells
 Fibers: fibrin (only
visible clotting)
 Fluid matrix
 Example:
 Blood
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Figure 3.18h
MUSCLE TISSUE
Muscle Tissue – General Information
 Function - to produce movement
 Three types of muscle tissue:
 Skeletal muscle
 Cardiac muscle
 Smooth muscle
Muscle Tissue Types
 SKELETAL MUSCLE
TISSUE
 Cells:
 Cylindrical shaped
 Multi-nucleated
 Striated
 Found attached to bones
and skin
 Controlled voluntarily
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Figure 3.19b
Muscle Tissue Types
 CARDIAC MUSCLE
TISSUE
 Cells:
 Branched cylinders
 Uni-nucleated
 Striated
 Cells attached endto-end at
intercalated disks
 Found only in heart
 Controlled: Involuntary
Figure 3.19c
Muscle Tissue Types
 SMOOTH MUSCLE
TISSUE
 Cells:
 Spindle-shaped
 Uni-nucleated
 No striations
 Found: Surrounding
hollow organs; blood
vessels
 Controlled: Involuntary
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Figure 3.19a
NERVOUS TISSUE
Nervous Tissue – General Information
 Consists of two types
of cells:
1. Neurons
2. Neuroglial cells (also
called glial cells)
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Figure 3.20
Nervous Tissue
 1. NEURONS
Cell body with branches
(processes)
Conduct electrical
impulses
Found in brain, spinal
cord and nerves
Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Figure 3.20
Nervous Tissue
 2. NEUROGLIAL CELLS
Variety of shapes, sizes
Do not conduct
electrical impulses
Support neurons
Found in all parts of
nervous system
Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Figure 3.20