Download Functional Specifications

University of Portland
School of Engineering
5000 N. Willamette Blvd.
Portland, OR 97203-5798
Phone 503 943 7314
Fax 503 943 7316
Functional Specifications
Project Surf Scooter: Fluorescent
Light Electronic Ballast
Contributors:
McGuire, Lance
Nelson, Sam
Ortiz, Sam
Stone, Jordan
Approvals
Name
Dr. Ward
UNIVERSITY OF PORTLAND
Date
Name
Date
Dr. Hoffbeck
SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING
CONTACT: J. STONE
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Insert checkmark (√) next to name when approved.
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UNIVERSITY OF PORTLAND
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CONTACT: J. STONE
FUNCTIONAL SPECIFICATIONS
PROJECT SURF SCOOTER
REV. 0.9
PAGE III
Revision History
Rev.
0.9
Date
09/21/07
UNIVERSITY OF PORTLAND
Author
J. Stone
Reason for Changes
Initial draft
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CONTACT: J. STONE
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Table of Contents
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Summary.......................................................................................................................
1
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Introduction ..................................................................................................................
2
FUNCTIONAL SPECIFICATIONS
PROJECT SURF SCOOTER
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PAGE IV
Background .................................................................................................................. 3
Requirements ............................................................................................................... 4
Overview ..................................................................................................................................................4
Physical Specifications............................................................................................................................4
Environmental Specifications .................................................................................................................5
General .............................................................................................................................................5
Temperature .....................................................................................................................................5
Relative Humidity .............................................................................................................................5
Altitude ..............................................................................................................................................5
Hardware Specifications .........................................................................................................................5
System Hardware ............................................................................................................................5
Power Supply ............................................................................................................................6
Peripheral Devices ....................................................................................................................6
Cables........................................................................................................................................6
Input Power ...............................................................................................................................6
Circuit Board ..............................................................................................................................6
Board Hardware ...............................................................................................................................6
EMI Filter ...................................................................................................................................7
Rectifier......................................................................................................................................7
PFC ............................................................................................................................................7
Inverter .......................................................................................................................................7
Microcontroller ...........................................................................................................................7
Software Specifications ...........................................................................................................................7
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Application Software ........................................................................................................................7
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IRPLBDA4 .................................................................................................................................8
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IC Programmer
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FUNCTIONAL SPECIFICATIONS
PROJECT SURF SCOOTER
REV. 0.9
PAGE V
Conclusions ................................................................................................................. 9
Appendices.................................................................................................................10
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List of Figures.
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Figure 1. Block Diagram of.Bluebird Product................................................................................................4
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FUNCTIONAL SPECIFICATIONS
PROJECT SURF SCOOTER
UNIVERSITY OF PORTLAND
REV. 0.9
SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING
PAGE VI
CONTACT: J. STONE
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List of Tables .
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Table 1. Physical Specifications
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Table 2. Environmental Specifications
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FUNCTIONAL SPECIFICATIONS
PROJECT SURF SCOOTER
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PAGE VII
Table 3. System Hardware Specifications ....................................................................................................5
Table 4. Board Hardware Specifications.......................................................................................................6
Table 5. Application Software Specifications ................................................................................................7
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FUNCTIONAL SPECIFICATION
PROJECT SURF SCOOTER
Chapter
REV. 0.9
PAGE 1
Summary
1
The goal of Surf Scooter is to design and build an electronic ballast for a fluorescent tube
light. Fluorescent lights are much more efficient than traditional incandescent lights, as
they consume about ten times less power. Incandescent lights waste energy by
converting more of their consumed power into heat, while fluorescents convert the vast
majority of their consumed energy into visible light.
The challenge concerning a fluorescent tube lights (more generally referred to as a “lamp”)
is the higher voltage and frequency required to power the unit. While incandescent bulbs
operate at a standard residential voltage and frequency of 120V and 60Hz, respectively,
fluorescent lights require voltages between 200 and 300V and frequencies ranging in the
tens of kHz. A ballast must be used to regulate the electricity delivered to the lamp
because of these constraints.
A ballast is a device that controls the voltage, current and frequency of power running a
lamp. An electronic ballast uses solid-state electronic circuitry to achieve the necessary
conditions.
The electronic circuitry that will be used in the ballast can be broken up into several
functional blocks. First, the standard 120V, 60Hz line power will enter an electromagnetic
interference filter. This filter is used to block noise created by the ballast circuitry from
being transmitted back into the power lines. Next, a simple full-wave rectifier will be used
to convert the alternating current (AC) into direct current (DC).
Circuitry will then be introduced for power factor correction (PFC). This PFC element will
eliminate any reactive power consumption introduced by the circuit or lamp. This power
factor correction will likely be accomplished by using capacitors, but could also be
implemented by using a Buck, Boost or Buck-Boost converter, depending on the severity
of the power factor.
After the PFC unit, an inverter will convert the DC power into AC power of the desired
voltage, current and frequency to operate the lamp. This inverter will utilize solid-state
circuitry and will be controlled by a microcontroller to achieve optimal light output and
power efficiency in the lamp. The microcontroller used will be a programmable IC that will
be set up to control the inverter based on its output.
The circuitry in this product will be contained in a case incorporating a kill-switch so that
the input voltage cannot be applied unless the case is closed, making the circuitry
inaccessible to any vulnerable human body parts. The fluorescent tube itself will also be
incased so that no particle or chemical could cause harm should the circuit or tube
malfunction during testing.
UNIVERSITY OF PORTLAND
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CONTACT: J. STONE
FUNCTIONAL SPECIFICATION
PROJECT SURF SCOOTER
Chapter
REV. 0.9
PAGE 2
Introduction
2
This document is intended for the faculty and senior Electrical Engineering students of the
School of Engineering at the University of Portland, as well as the industry representative
overseeing this project. A general introduction to fluorescent lights and electronic ballasts
is first presented in this document, followed by a detailed description of the functionality of
the electronic ballast which will be designed and built. The basic blocks of circuitry that will
be required are also outlined.
Not contained in this document are the details of the circuitry or the connections to be
made between the pieces of this product, as these elements have not yet been designed.
In some areas, however, possible options for circuit design are given.
The rest of this document contains a background of fluorescent lights and electronic
ballasts, an overview and the physical, environmental, hardware and software
specifications of the project. This document ends with a conclusion and an appendix of
the specifications of the fluorescent light tube that have been made available to date.
UNIVERSITY OF PORTLAND
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CONTACT: J. STONE
FUNCTIONAL SPECIFICATION
PROJECT SURF SCOOTER
Chapter
REV. 0.90
PAGE 3
Background
3
An electronic ballast is an apparatus that controls the current flow into a circuit. In this
case, the circuit is a fluorescent light bulb. There are various types of ballasts, but the
electronic ballast increases the input frequency (typically 60 Hz in the United States) to a
much higher frequency in the range of 10 to 40 kHz. Not only does this eliminate the
flickering that is typical of fluorescent lighting but also increases the efficiency of the lamp.
The electronic ballast can be as simple as a resistor, but the ballast that will be used here
will be made of more complicated solid-state devices.
The type of electronic ballast that will be used works by increasing the frequency and
amplitude of the input voltage for the initial ionization of the gas within the tube. Once the
arc inside the tube is started, the frequency and amplitude of the input voltage are
decreased to a non-zero constant value to maintain the arc.
UNIVERSITY OF PORTLAND
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FUNCTIONAL SPECIFICATION
PROJECT SURF SCOOTER
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Chapter
PAGE 4
Requirements
4
Overview
This product converts standard single phase, 120V, 60Hz electricity into a signal that can
be used to power a fluorescent light tube. Any user of electricity to illuminate their
residence or business will benefit from the high efficiency of fluorescent lights, but will
require additional components (such as this ballast) for these lights to operate and achieve
a high level of efficiency.
Power from a standard 120V, 60Hz, single phase line will enter the circuitry of this product.
After passing through the ballast, the power will be at a frequency of nearly 20kHz and a
voltage between 200 and 300V, depending on the performance of the lamp. Internally,
this product will contain solid-state electronic circuitry and a microcontroller. The functional
blocks of this circuitry is shown in Figure 1 and discussed in the “Hardware” section of this
chapter.
EMI Filter
Rectifier
PFC
Inverter
Lamp
120V, 60Hz
Microcontroller
Figure 1. Block Diagram of Surf Scooter Product
Physical Specifications
Table 1. Physical Specifications contains a list of the physical specifications and their
required values.
Table 1. Physical Specifications
Requirement
Design Structure
Weight
Wiring
UNIVERSITY OF PORTLAND
Value
Self-contained
box
<1 lb. -2 lb.
Leads color
coded to ANSI
standard
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FUNCTIONAL SPECIFICATION
PROJECT SURF SCOOTER
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Dimensions
PAGE 5
< 1000 cu. In.
Environmental Specifications
Table 2. Environmental Specifications contains a list of the environmental specifications
and their required values.
Table 2. Environmental Specifications
Requirement
General
Value
Temperature
Standard Room
Operation
10-40 degrees C
Relative Humidity
No condensation
Altitude
0-5000 ft.
General
Ballast should be able to operate in a room at standard room temperature with little
condensation from relative humidity.
Temperature
Ballast should withstand standard temps of 10 to 40 degrees Celsius.
Relative Humidity
The ballast will not be required to operate in conditions where there is condensation or
strong relative humidity.
Altitude
The circuit should be operable at up to 5000 feet in altitude.
Hardware Specifications
System Hardware
Table 3. System Hardware Specifications
Requirement
Power Supply
UNIVERSITY OF PORTLAND
Value
120V @ 60Hz
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FUNCTIONAL SPECIFICATION
PROJECT SURF SCOOTER
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Power Consumed
18’’ T8 Lamp
Lamp housing
Input power
Output power
< 30 Watts
Circuit Board
High Quality
Peripheral Devices
Cables
Power Supply
The ballast design will require an AC supply of 120V at 60Hz in a single phase, as
provided by a standard electrical outlet.
Peripheral Devices
A single fluorescent light tube (lamp) will be run by the ballast. The model that will be used
is the 18’’ GE Cool White Starcoat® T8 (F15T8), whose technical specifications are given
in Appendix A. The lamp will be supported by a standard housing purchased from a
manufacturer or retailer.
Cables
The ballast and lamp will require a cable to deliver the input power from an electrical outlet
to the circuit and another cable to deliver the output power from the ballast to the lamp.
Input Power
The ballast will consume no more than 30 Watts during normal operation.
Circuit Board
A high quality circuit board will be used to mount and connect the individual hardware
components, minimizing unwanted resistances and capacitances. Connections will be
soldered instead of using loose wires on a bread board.
Board Hardware
Table 4. Board Hardware Specifications contains a list of the system hardware
specifications.
Table 4. Board Hardware Specifications
Requirement
EMI Filter
Rectifier
PFC
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Inverter
Microcontroller
EMI Filter
The electromagnetic interference (EMI) filter is used to block ballast-generated noise from
being transmitted back onto the power lines. This filter may be active or passive, and will
be designed according to needs as this project is developed.
Rectifier
The full-wave rectifier converts the AC source to a DC voltage supply. The rectifier for this
project will likely utilize four diodes and a capacitor in a bridge formation.
PFC
This unit is used to correct for low power factor present in the input power and introduced
by the EMI filter. Depending on the quality of power (ratio of reactive power to real power)
this could involve the use of simple capacitors or more complex elements such as Buck,
Boost, or Buck-Boost converters.
Inverter
The inverter converts DC to AC with the desired frequency in order to control the voltage
across the fluorescent lamp’s electrodes. The group plans to use solid state circuitry for
this component. Components such as transistors and diodes are known to be able to
change DC into AC.
Microcontroller
A microcontroller can be used to fine tune the output frequency of the ballast to achieve
maximum power efficiency and light output in the lamp. This is done through pulse-width
modulation to control the inverter. This microcontroller will also use feedback to judge the
efficiency of the circuit and lamp and adjust the output of the inverter accordingly.
Software Specifications
Application Software
Table 5. Application Software Specifications contains a list of the system hardware
specifications and their required values.
Table 5. Application Software Specifications
Requirement
IRPLBDA4
IC Programmer
UNIVERSITY OF PORTLAND
Value
V 4.0
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FUNCTIONAL SPECIFICATION
PROJECT SURF SCOOTER
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IRPLBDA4
The software program IRPLBDA4 allows the user to design and evaluate various aspects
of electronic ballasts. It is available for free online on the International Rectifier company
website.
IC Programmer
If use of a programmable IC is optioned then we will need to use a program that allows us
to configure the chip. At this time it is unknown if a programmable IC will be used, and
therefore we cannot make a decision on what software program to use.
UNIVERSITY OF PORTLAND
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FUNCTIONAL SPECIFICATION
PROJECT SURF SCOOTER
Chapter
REV. 0.90
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Conclusions
5
This document has covered the most important components of our design and design
process. It has talked about the physical makeup of our project and also the environment
in which we expect it to perform in. We also discussed the electronic parts that our project
will be comprised of. This document also reviewed the possible, but not essential software
programs that we may use to design our project. This document contains the most up to
date information on our project design.
UNIVERSITY OF PORTLAND
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FUNCTIONAL SPECIFICATION
PROJECT SURF SCOOTER
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Appendices
Appendix A - F15T8 Technical Specifications
Technical Specifications
PRODUCT INFORMATION
ANSI Code
2009-1
Medium
Base
Bi-Pin
(G13)
Product Code
10143
F15T8/C
Description
W 6PK
0431689
UPC
80562
GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS
Linear
Fluoresc
Lamp type
ent Straight
Linear
Bulb
T8
Medium
Base
Bi-Pin
(G13)
Wattage
15
Voltage
55
Rated Life
7500 hrs
Soda
Bulb Material
lime
Starting
10 °C
Temperature
(50 °F)
(MIN)
Primary
Standard
Application
PHOTOMETRIC CHARACTERISTICS
Initial Lumens
825
Mean Lumens
725
Nominal Initial
55
Lumens per Watt
Color
4100 K
Temperature
Color Rendering
60
Index (CRI)
ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS
Open Circuit
Voltage (rapid
220 V
start) (MAX)
Open Circuit
210 V @
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Voltage (after
10 °C
preheating) Max
@ Temperature
Open Circuit
Voltage (rapid
157 V @ 10 °C
start) Min @
Temperature
Cathode
Resistance Ratio
4.25
- Rh/Rc (MIN)
Cathode
Resistance Ratio
6.5
- Rh/Rc (MAX)
Open Circuit
Voltage (after
108 V @
preheating) Min
10 °C
@ Temperature
Current Crest
1.7
Factor (MAX)
DIMENSIONS
Maximum Overall
Length (MOL)
Minimum Overall
Length
Nominal Length
Bulb Diameter
(DIA)
Bulb Diameter
(DIA) (MIN)
Bulb Diameter
(DIA) (MAX)
Max Base Face
to Base Face (A)
Face to End of
Opposing Pin (B)
(MIN)
Face to End of
Opposing Pin (B)
(MAX)
End of Base Pin
to End of
Opposite Pin End
(C)
UNIVERSITY OF PORTLAND
17.7800
in (451.6
mm)
17.6700
in (448.8
mm)
18.000
in (457.2
mm)
1.000 in
(25.4
mm)
0.940 in
(23.8
mm)
1.100 in
(27.9
mm)
17.220
in (437.3
mm)
17.400
in (441.9
mm)
17.500
in (444.5
mm)
17.670
in (448.8
mm)
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